Next Verse

Shloka 1

मृदु-तीक्ष्ण-नीति तथा दुष्टलक्षण-विज्ञानम्

Measured Policy and the Recognition of Malicious Disposition

ऑपन--माजर बक। अप ऋाय ग>र्योधिकशततमो< ध्याय: शत्रुको वशमें करनेके लिये राजाको किस नीतिसे काम लेना चाहिये और दुष्टोंको कैसे पहचानना चाहिये--इसके विषयमें इन्द्र और बृहस्पतिका संवाद युधिछिर उवाच कथं मृदौ कथं तीक्ष्णे महापक्षे च पार्थिव । आदी वर्तेत नृपतिस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--पितामह! पृथ्वीपते! जिसका पक्ष प्रबल और महान हो, वह शत्रु यदि कोमल स्वभावका हो तो उसके साथ कैसा बर्ताव करना चाहिये और यदि वह तीक्ष्ण स्वभावका हो तो उसके साथ पहले किस तरहका बर्ताव करना राजाके लिये उचित है, यह मुझे बताइये

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | kathaṁ mṛdau kathaṁ tīkṣṇe mahāpakṣe ca pārthiva | ādau varteta nṛpatis tan me brūhi pitāmaha ||

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Thưa Tổ phụ, ô bậc quân vương! Xin nói cho con biết: khi kẻ thù có hậu thuẫn lớn và thế lực mạnh, nhà vua ban đầu nên xử sự thế nào—nếu kẻ ấy hiền hòa; và nếu kẻ ấy sắc bén, hung hăng thì ban đầu nên xử sự ra sao? Xin dạy con đường lối chính sách vương đạo thích đáng trong từng trường hợp.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
मृदौwhen (he is) gentle / in the gentle (case)
मृदौ:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमृदु
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
तीक्ष्णेwhen (he is) harsh / in the harsh (case)
तीक्ष्णे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्ण
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
महापक्षेwhen having a great/strong faction
महापक्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहापक्ष
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
आदौat first / initially
आदौ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदौ
वर्तेतshould behave / should act
वर्तेत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
नृपतिःthe king
नृपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that (matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (me)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
N
nṛpati (the king/ruler)
P
pārthiva (king)
Ś
śatru (enemy, implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a rājadharma problem: a king must tailor his initial policy to an opponent’s temperament (gentle vs. harsh) while also weighing the opponent’s power base (mahāpakṣa). It introduces the ethical-political principle that prudent governance adapts means to circumstances rather than applying one rigid approach.

In Śānti Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira seeks instruction from Bhīṣma on kingship and moral governance. Here he asks Bhīṣma to explain how a ruler should begin dealing with a strongly supported enemy, distinguishing between an enemy who is mild and one who is severe.