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Shloka 17

Jaitrya-nimitta: Signs of Prospective Victory and the Priority of Conciliation (जयलक्षण-निमित्त तथा सान्त्व-प्रधान नीति)

युधिष्ठिर! विशाल चतुरंगिणी सेना एकत्र कर लेनेके बाद भी तुम्हें पहले सामनीतिके द्वारा शत्रुसे सन्धि करनेका ही प्रयास करना चाहिये। यदि वह सफल न हो तो युद्धके लिये प्रयत्न करना उचित है ।।

Yudhiṣṭhira! viśālāṃ caturaṅgiṇīṃ senām ekatra kṛtvāpi tvaṃ pūrvaṃ sāmnītyā śatrunā saha sandhiṃ kartum eva prayatethāḥ. yadi sa na sidhyet, tato yuddhāya prayatnaḥ kartum ucitaḥ. jaghanya eṣa vijayo yad yuddha-nāma, Bhārata. yādṛcchiko yudhi jayo daivo veti vicāraṇam, Bharatanandana; yuddhena yo jayaḥ prāpyate sa nīca eva mataḥ. yuddha-jayaḥ sahasā prāpnoti vā daiva-icchayā; asya pūrvaniścayo na vidyate.

Bhishma nói: “Hỡi Yudhishthira! Dẫu đã tập hợp một đạo quân tứ binh hùng hậu, trước hết con vẫn phải cố gắng cầu hòa với kẻ thù bằng mưu lược trị quốc thận trọng. Nếu không thành, khi ấy mới nên dốc sức cho chiến tranh. Bởi thứ thắng lợi gọi là thắng lợi nhờ chiến trận bị xem là thấp kém nhất. Thắng bại nơi sa trường hoặc do ngẫu nhiên, hoặc do ý chí của số mệnh; điều ấy đáng để suy xét, hỡi niềm vui của dòng Bharata, và không thể định chắc từ trước.”

युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जघन्यःbase, inferior
जघन्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजघन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विजयःvictory
विजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
युद्धम्war, battle
युद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
नामindeed; called
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
भारतO Bhārata
भारत:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यादृच्छिकःaccidental, by chance
यादृच्छिकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयादृच्छिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युधिin battle
युधि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुध्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
जयःvictory
जयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दैवःdue to fate/divine will
दैवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदैव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
विचारणम्consideration, deliberation
विचारणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविचारण
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भरतनन्दनO delight of the Bharatas
भरतनन्दन:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभरतनन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

भीष्म (Bhīṣma)
युधिष्ठिर (Yudhiṣṭhira)
भारत / भरतनन्दन (Bhārata / Bharatanandana)
चतुरंगिणी सेना (fourfold army)
शत्रु (enemy)

Educational Q&A

Even with overwhelming military strength, a ruler should first pursue peace through diplomacy (sāma-nīti and sandhi). War is a last resort, and victory gained through war is ethically inferior because it depends heavily on chance and fate rather than stable, predictable righteousness.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on kingship and conduct, Bhīṣma counsels Yudhiṣṭhira on state policy: attempt reconciliation and treaty-making first; only if peace fails should one proceed to war, recognizing the uncertainty and moral cost of battlefield victory.