Mahabharata — Shalya Parva, Shloka 1

Gadāyuddhe Kṛṣṇopadeśaḥ (Kṛṣṇa’s Counsel in the Mace-Duel) — Śalya-parva 57

Devanagari script

अतड--णक+ सप्तपञ्चाशत्तमोड ध्याय: भीमसेन और दुर्योधनका गदायुद्ध संजय उवाच ततो दुर्योधनो दृष्टवा भीमसेनं तथागतम्‌ | प्रत्युद्ययावदीनात्मा वेगेन महता नदन्‌

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | tato duryodhano dṛṣṭvā bhīmasenaṃ tathāgatam | pratyudyayāv adīnātmā vegena mahatā nadan ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: “Tâu Đại vương! Khi ấy Duryodhana, thấy Bhīmasena tiến đến như vậy, liền tự mình xông ra nghênh chiến. Tinh thần không hề nao núng, hắn lao tới với tốc độ lớn, vừa tiến vừa gầm vang.”

Word by Word

• संजयः: Sanjaya
• संजयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• भीमसेनम्: Bhimasena
• भीमसेनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तथा: thus, in that manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• आगतम्: come, arrived (approaching)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम्
• Form: Past Passive Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्रत्युद्ययौ: advanced to meet, went forth against
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-उद्-या
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• दीनात्मा: of dejected spirit
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीनात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वेगेन: with speed
• वेगेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेग
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• महता: great
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• नदन्: roaring, shouting
• Type: Verb
• Root: नद्
• Form: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Duryodhana
• Bhimasena (Bhima)
• gada (club) (implied by chapter theme)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights kshatriya resolve under pressure: even amid impending defeat and moral complexity, a warrior’s steadiness (adīnātmatā) and willingness to face an equal challenge are portrayed as decisive virtues—while also foreshadowing how pride and rivalry drive the final, ethically fraught confrontation.

What is happening in the narrative?

As Bhima advances to engage, Duryodhana sees him and immediately charges forward to meet him, roaring and moving with great speed—marking the opening movement of their famed club-duel in Shalya Parva.