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Shloka 38

Adhyāya 33: Rauhiṇeya (Balarāma) is welcomed and takes his seat to witness the gadā-engagement

तदाह्वानममृष्यन्‌ वै तव पुत्रो$तिवीर्यवान्‌ । प्रत्युपस्थित एवाशु मत्तो मत्तमिव द्विपम्‌

tadāhvānam amṛṣyan vai tava putro 'tivīryavān | pratyupasthita evāśu matto mattam iva dvipam, mahārāja ||

Sañjaya nói: Không chịu nổi lời thách ấy, con trai ngài—dũng lực phi thường—lập tức bước ra đối mặt, tâu Đại vương, như một voi say lao tới nghênh một chúa voi khác đang cuồng nộ.

तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आह्वानम्challenge, summons
आह्वानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआह्वान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अमृष्यन्did not endure / could not bear
अमृष्यन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootमृष्
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
तवof you / your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अतिवीर्यवान्very powerful / of great prowess
अतिवीर्यवान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिवीर्यवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रत्युपस्थितःhaving come forward / having presented himself
प्रत्युपस्थितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-उप-स्था (उपस्थित)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
एवjust, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
आशुquickly
आशु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआशु
मत्तःintoxicated, rut-mad
मत्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मत्तम्intoxicated (one)
मत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमत्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
द्विपम्elephant
द्विपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Duryodhana
B
Bhīmasena
E
elephant (dvipāḥ) as simile

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how intolerance of insult and wounded pride can overpower restraint, pushing even a capable warrior into immediate confrontation. Ethically, it points to the danger of letting ego and rage dictate action, thereby accelerating violence in war.

Bhīma issues a forceful challenge; Duryodhana cannot bear it and promptly steps forward to face him. Sañjaya describes this rapid escalation with a vivid simile: one maddened elephant rushing to meet another.