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Shloka 4

शकुनिवधः — Sahadeva’s Slaying of Śakuni

with Ulūka’s fall

परिश्रान्तश्न नकुल: सहदेवश्व भारत । योधयित्वा रणे पापान्‌ धार्तराष्ट्रानू सहानुगान्‌

pariśrāntaś ca nakulaḥ sahadevaś ca bhārata | yodhayitvā raṇe pāpān dhārtarāṣṭrān sahānugān ||

Sañjaya thưa: “Hỡi Bhārata, Nakula và Sahadeva cũng đã mệt lả, vì đã giao chiến trên chiến địa với những người con tội lỗi của Dhṛtarāṣṭra cùng bè đảng của họ.”

परिश्रान्तौexhausted (two)
परिश्रान्तौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिश्रान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
नकुलःNakula
नकुलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनकुल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सहदेवःSahadeva
सहदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसहदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
योधयित्वाhaving fought
योधयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पापान्sinful (ones)
पापान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपाप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धार्तराष्ट्रान्Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons / Kauravas
धार्तराष्ट्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सहानुगान्together with followers
सहानुगान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसहानुग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address 'Bhārata')
N
Nakula
S
Sahadeva
D
Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas)
R
Raṇa (battlefield)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the human cost of war—exhaustion and strain—even for righteous warriors, while also framing the Kaurava side as morally culpable (“pāpān”), reflecting the epic’s ethical evaluation of motives and conduct in battle.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Nakula and Sahadeva, after fighting the Kauravas along with their followers on the battlefield, have become greatly fatigued.