Shloka 21

दृष्टवा तु निहतान्‌ भ्रातृन्‌ बहूनेकेन संयुगे । अमर्षवशमापन्न: श्रुतर्वा भीममभ्ययात्‌,युद्धस्थलमें एकमात्र भीमके द्वारा अपने बहुत-से भाइयोंको मारा गया देख श्रुतर्वा अमर्षके वशीभूत हो भीमसेनका सामना करनेके लिये आ पहुँचा

dṛṣṭvā tu nihatān bhrātṝn bahūn ekena saṁyuge | amarṣavaśam āpannaḥ śrutarvā bhīmam abhyayāt ||

Sañjaya nói: Thấy nhiều anh em của mình bị Bhīma một mình giết trên chiến địa, Śrutarvā—bị cơn phẫn nộ không sao chịu nổi chế ngự—tiến lên để đối mặt với Bhīmasena. Câu kệ gợi lại thế giằng co đạo lý quen thuộc của cuộc chiến: đau thương và giận dữ làm hẹp đi sự phán đoán, đẩy một chiến binh vào cuộc quyết đấu báo thù.

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
निहतान्slain
निहतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-हन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
भ्रातॄन्brothers
भ्रातॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
बहून्many
बहून्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
एकेनby one (man)
एकेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
संयुगेin battle
संयुगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंयुग
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
अमर्ष-वशम्under the sway of wrath
अमर्ष-वशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमर्षवश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आपन्नःhaving fallen into / having become
आपन्नः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√पद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past active/resultative participle)
श्रुतर्वाShrutarvan (proper name)
श्रुतर्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुतर्वन् (नाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भीमम्Bhima
भीमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अभ्ययात्approached/advanced towards
अभ्ययात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-या
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Ś
Śrutarvā
B
Bhīma (Bhīmasena)
B
brothers of Śrutarvā
B
battlefield (saṁyuga)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how amarṣa—an inability to endure loss or humiliation—can seize the mind and propel one into violent retaliation. In the Mahābhārata’s ethical landscape, such rage is understandable in war yet also shown as a force that narrows discernment and escalates destruction.

After witnessing many of his brothers killed by Bhīma alone on the battlefield, the warrior Śrutarvā becomes consumed by wrath and advances to challenge Bhīmasena in direct combat.