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Shloka 40

अध्याय २२ — अमर्याद-युद्धवर्णन

Unrestrained Battle Description and Śakuni’s Rear Assault

हया हयै: समासक्ता रथिनो रथिभि: सह । संकुलं चाभवद्‌ भूयो घोररूपं विशाम्पते

hayā hayaiḥ samāsaktā rathino rathibhiḥ saha | saṅkulaṃ cābhavad bhūyo ghorarūpaṃ viśāmpate ||

Sañjaya nói: Ngựa quấn chặt vào ngựa, và các dũng sĩ xa chiến cũng lao vào nhau với những dũng sĩ xa chiến đối địch. Một lần nữa, chiến địa hóa thành một khối dày đặc, rối loạn—hình dung ghê rợn, hỡi chúa tể loài người—cho thấy khi cuồng nộ và hiềm khích dâng trào, trật tự sụp đổ và giao tranh trở thành một cơn nghiền ép mù lòa, hiểm nguy.

हयाःhorses
हयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हयैःby/with horses
हयैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
समासक्ताःclinging/engaged, locked (together)
समासक्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-√सञ्ज् (सक्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथिभिःwith chariot-warriors
रथिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
संकुलम्confused, crowded, tangled
संकुलम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंकुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभवत्became, was
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular
भूयःagain, further, more
भूयः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूयस्
घोररूपम्of terrible form, dreadful in appearance
घोररूपम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootघोररूप
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people
विशाम्पते:
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम्-पति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
H
horses
C
chariot-warriors

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how warfare rapidly devolves into saṅkula—confused, indiscriminate entanglement—where control and clarity vanish. Ethically, it highlights the tragic momentum of violence: once unleashed, it tends to intensify and recur (bhūyaḥ), producing dreadful conditions that test restraint and discernment.

Sañjaya reports to the king that the fight has again become a tightly packed melee: horses are locked with horses and chariot-fighters collide with chariot-fighters, creating a terrifying, chaotic scene on the battlefield.