Shloka 46

Devanagari script

तस्मिन्‌ विलुलिते सैन्ये त्रस्तास्तस्य पदानुगा: । गाण्डीवधन्वा विस्फार्य धनुस्तानहनच्छरै:

Transliteration

tasmin vilulite sainye trastās tasya padānugāḥ | gāṇḍīvadhanvā visphārya dhanuḥ tān ahanac charaiḥ ||

Translation

Khi toàn quân rối loạn, những chiến binh theo sau hắn đều bị nỗi sợ chiếm lấy. Bấy giờ Arjuna, người mang cung Gāṇḍīva, bật dây cung, kéo căng và dùng mưa tên quật ngã họ.

Word by Word

• तस्मिन्: in that (situation)
• तस्मिन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• विलुलिते: when (it was) thrown into confusion
• विलुलिते: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-लुलित
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• सैन्ये: in the army
• सैन्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• त्रस्ताः: terrified
• त्रस्ताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रस्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तस्य: of him
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• पदानुगाः: followers (those who go after his steps)
• पदानुगाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पदानुग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• गाण्डीवधन्वा: the wielder of the Gाण्डीव bow (Arjuna)
• गाण्डीवधन्वा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गाण्डीवधन्वन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विस्फार्य: having stretched/twanged
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-स्फृ
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund, ल्यप्), Parasmaipada (usage)

• धनुः: bow
• धनुः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनुस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तान्: them
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अहनत्: struck/killed
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• छरैः: with arrows
• छरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Arjuna
• Gāṇḍīva (bow)
• the army (sainya)
• Duryodhana (implied by 'tasya padānugāḥ' per the given Hindi gloss)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how fear and disorder in war rapidly undo even organized forces, and how loyalty to a leader can draw followers into danger; it also reflects the harsh inevitability of kṣatriya warfare, where decisive action exploits moments of panic.

What is happening in the narrative?

As the battlefield ranks become unsettled, the troops following the leader (understood in context as Duryodhana) panic; Arjuna, wielding the Gāṇḍīva, draws and releases arrows and cuts down those frightened followers.