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Shloka 5

Adhyāya 14: Śalya’s Missile-Pressure and the Pāṇḍava Convergence (शल्यस्य शरवर्षम्)

अयोधयन्त समरे परिवार्य महारथा: । समरांगणमें द्रोणपुत्रको आगे करके कौरव महारथी अर्जुनको रथसमूहसे घेरकर उनके साथ युद्ध करने लगे ।। तैस्तु क्षिप्ता: शरा राजन्‌ कार्तस्वरविभूषिता:

sañjaya uvāca |

ayodhayanta samare parivārya mahārathāḥ |

samarāṅgaṇe droṇaputraṃ agre kṛtvā kauravā mahārathino 'rjunaṃ rathasamūhena gherayitvā tena saha yuddham akurvan ||

tais tu kṣiptāḥ śarā rājan kārtasvaravibhūṣitāḥ |

Sanjaya thưa: Các đại xa chiến binh giao chiến giữa trận mạc, vây bọc người ấy bốn phía. Trên chiến địa, những dũng tướng Kaurava đặt con trai của Droṇa ở tuyến đầu, dùng một khối chiến xa khép vòng quanh Arjuna và xông vào quyết chiến. Rồi, tâu Đại vương, những mũi tên họ phóng ra—được trang sức bằng vàng—vút đi dày đặc, làm sức ép của chiến tranh thêm dữ dội và hiểm nguy đè nặng lên kẻ đơn độc bị vây hãm.

अयोधयन्तthey fought / they caused to fight
अयोधयन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
Formलङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपदम्, 3, Plural
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
परिवार्यhaving surrounded / encircling
परिवार्य:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + वृ
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Active (parasmaipada sense)
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तैःby them
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
क्षिप्ताःthrown / hurled
क्षिप्ताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootक्षिप्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
शराःarrows
शराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कार्तस्वरविभूषिताःadorned with gold
कार्तस्वरविभूषिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकार्तस्वर-विभूषित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
K
King Dhritarashtra
A
Arjuna
D
Drona’s son (Ashvatthama)
K
Kaurava maharathas
C
chariots (ratha)
A
arrows (śara)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how warfare amplifies through collective strategy—many elite warriors coordinating to isolate a single opponent. Ethically, it underscores the Mahābhārata’s recurring tension between martial skill and the moral weight of escalating violence: tactical success can come through concentration of force, yet it also intensifies harm and tests the boundaries of kṣatriya conduct.

Sanjaya reports that the Kaurava great chariot-warriors, with Aśvatthāmā placed at the front, surround Arjuna with a formation of chariots and attack him. They shower him with arrows, described as gold-adorned, emphasizing both the ferocity and the martial splendor of the assault.