Shloka 8

शल्यपर्वणि प्रथमाध्यायः — Karṇa-vadha-anantaraṃ Śalya-niyogaḥ, Saṃjayasya Dhṛtarāṣṭra-nivedanam

Devanagari script

शल्यं सेनापतिं कृत्वा विधिवद्‌ राजपुड़व: । रणाय निर्ययौ राजा हतशेषैनपै: सह

Transliteration

śalyaṃ senāpatiṃ kṛtvā vidhivad rājapūḍavaḥ | raṇāya niryayau rājā hataśeṣair nṛpaiḥ saha ||

Translation

Vaiśaṃpāyana nói: Sau khi cử Śalya làm tổng chỉ huy theo đúng nghi lễ, vị vua của phe Pāṇḍava lên đường ra trận, cùng các vua còn sống sót—những người còn lại sau cuộc tàn sát khủng khiếp.

Word by Word

• शल्यं: Shalya (as object: Shalya)
• शल्यं: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शल्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सेनापतिं: commander-in-chief
• सेनापतिं: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेनापति
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कृत्वा: having made/appointed
• कृत्वा: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• विधिवत्: according to rule; duly
• विधिवत्: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विधिवत्

• राजपुत्रवः: the princes (sons of the king)
• राजपुत्रवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजपुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• रणाय: for battle
• रणाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• निर्ययौ: went forth; marched out
• Type: Verb
• Root: निर्-या
• Form: Liṭ (Perfect), Perfect (past), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हतशेषैः: with the remaining survivors (those left after being slain)
• हतशेषैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हतशेष
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• नृपैः: with kings
• नृपैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सह: together with
• सह: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśaṃpāyana
• Śalya
• Pāṇḍava (king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira implied)
• surviving kings (hataśeṣa nṛpāḥ)
• battle (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in the chaos and moral burden of war, rightful governance requires orderly procedure (vidhivat) and responsible leadership; the survivors proceed with duty-bound resolve rather than celebratory aggression.

What is happening in the narrative?

After heavy losses, the Pāṇḍava king formally appoints Śalya as commander-in-chief and then marches out to battle together with the remaining allied kings.