Shloka 18

संजय उवाच तं शयानं कुरुश्रेष्ठ ततो भरतसत्तम । अश्वत्थामा समालोक्य करुणं पर्यदेवयत्‌,संजय कहते हैं--भरतश्रेष्ठ! तदनन्तर कुरुकुल-भूषण दुर्योधनको रणशय्यापर पड़ा देख अश्वत्थामा इस प्रकार करुण विलाप करने लगा--

sañjaya uvāca

taṁ śayānaṁ kuruśreṣṭha tato bharatasattama |

aśvatthāmā samālokya karuṇaṁ paryadevayat ||

Sañjaya nói: “Hỡi bậc ưu tú nhất trong dòng Kuru, hỡi đấng tối thượng của nhà Bharata—rồi sau đó, thấy Duryodhana, niềm trang sức của tộc Kuru, nằm trên chiếc giường chiến địa, Aśvatthāmā nhìn ông và bắt đầu than khóc trong lòng thương xót sâu xa.”

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शयानम्lying (down)
शयानम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशी
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
कुरुश्रेष्ठO best of the Kurus
कुरुश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
भरतसत्तमO best of the Bharatas
भरतसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-सत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अश्वत्थामाAshvatthama
अश्वत्थामा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वत्थामन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समालोक्यhaving seen/observed
समालोक्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + आलोक्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), Active
करुणम्pitiably, in a lamentable way
करुणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकरुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पर्यदेवयत्lamented, wailed
पर्यदेवयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + दिव्
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Aśvatthāmā
D
Duryodhana
K
Kuru lineage
B
Bharata lineage
B
battlefield (raṇa)
B
battlefield couch (raṇaśayyā, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the moral atmosphere after catastrophic violence: even among warriors, the sight of a fallen leader evokes karuṇā (compassion) and śoka (grief), reminding the listener that victory in adharma-tinged conflict culminates in suffering and lamentation rather than true flourishing.

Sañjaya continues his report to Dhṛtarāṣṭra: Aśvatthāmā comes upon Duryodhana lying wounded on the battlefield (as if on a ‘bed’), looks at him, and begins a sorrowful lament—setting the emotional and ethical tone for the ensuing events of the Sauptika Parva.