Shloka 18

Adhyaya 11 — Draupadī’s Grief, Demand for Justice, and Bhīma’s Departure

Devanagari script

धर्म्य॑ धर्मेण धर्मज्ञे प्राप्तास्ते निधनं शुभे | पुत्रास्ते भ्रातरश्नैव तान्न शोचितुमरहसि

Transliteration

vaiśampāyana uvāca | dharmyā dharmeṇa dharmajñe prāptās te nidhanaṃ śubhe | putrās te bhrātaraś caiva tān na śocitum arhasi ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Hỡi phu nhân cát tường, nàng là người chính trực và am tường dharma. Các con trai và các huynh đệ của nàng đã chiến đấu trong cuộc chiến chính nghĩa và đã gặp cái chết đúng theo dharma; vì thế nàng không nên than khóc cho họ.”

Word by Word

• धर्म्याः: righteous (O woman)
• धर्म्याः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्म्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• धर्मेण: by/through dharma
• धर्मेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• धर्मज्ञे: O knower of dharma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्मज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Vocative, Singular

• प्राप्ताः: having attained / having met with
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप् (धातु) / प्राप्त (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ते: they / those (your sons and brothers)
• ते: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• निधनम्: death
• निधनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: निधन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• शुभे: O auspicious one
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Vocative, Singular

• पुत्राः: sons
• पुत्राः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ते: your
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• भ्रातरः: brothers
• भ्रातरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)

• एव: indeed / just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)

• तान्: them
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• शोचितुम्: to grieve
• Type: Verb
• Root: शुच् (धातु) / शोचितुम् (तुमुन्)
• Form: Infinitive

• अर्हसि: you ought / you deserve
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्ह् (धातु)
• Form: Present, Second, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• sons
• brothers
• Śubhe (vocative address to an unnamed woman)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Grief is tempered by dharma: when warriors meet death while fulfilling righteous duty, the survivor is urged to recognize the ethical frame of their end and restrain lamentation.

What is happening in the narrative?

The narrator Vaiśampāyana addresses a bereaved woman, reminding her that her sons and brothers died in a dharma-consistent battle, and counsels her not to mourn them.