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Shloka 25

अक्षदेवन-प्रवर्तनम् | Commencement of the Dice Game

अन्धेनेव युगं॑ नद्धं विपर्यस्तं नराधिप । कनीयांसो विवर्धन्ते ज्येष्ठा हीयन्त एव च

andhen eva yugaṃ naddhaṃ viparyastaṃ narādhipa | kanīyāṃso vivardhante jyeṣṭhā hīyanta eva ca ||

“Tâu đại vương, thời đại này như bị một định mệnh mù lòa trói buộc và dắt đi; vì thế mọi sự đều đảo lộn. Kẻ nhỏ kém lại vươn lên thịnh đạt, còn bậc trưởng thượng—những người đáng đứng đầu—thì cứ suy tàn.”

अन्धेनby a blind (one)
अन्धेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्ध
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
इवas if/like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
युगम्the age/era
युगम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुग
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नद्धम्bound/tied
नद्धम्:
TypeVerb
Rootनह्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
विपर्यस्तम्overturned/reversed
विपर्यस्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootविपर्यस्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
नराधिपO king (lord of men)
नराधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कनीयांसःthe younger/inferiors
कनीयांसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकनीयस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विवर्धन्तेgrow/prosper
विवर्धन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृध्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Plural
ज्येष्ठाःthe elders/superiors
ज्येष्ठाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हीयन्तेdecline/diminish
हीयन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Plural
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
N
narādhipa (the king addressed)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical idea that when dharma and proper social precedence are obscured—likened to being guided by blindness—society appears inverted: those who should be guided and restrained rise unchecked, while those who should lead and be honored are diminished. It warns of disorder when rightful norms of respect, merit, and seniority collapse.

Duryodhana laments to a kingly figure that the times have become perverse. His complaint frames his sense of injustice: he perceives that juniors or lesser persons are flourishing while seniors are losing status—an emotional and political grievance that feeds his hostility and fuels the unfolding conflict in the Sabha Parva context.