Shloka 2

Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Duryodhana Saṃvāda on Restraint and Rājānīti

Chapter 50

Devanagari script

के च तत्र सभास्तारा राजानो ब्रह्मवित्तम | के चैनमन्वमोदन्त के चैन प्रत्यषेधयन्‌,ब्रह्मवेत्ताओंमें श्रेष्ठ महर्ष! वहाँ कौन-कौन-से राजा सभासद्‌ थे? किसने द्यूतक्रीड़ाका अनुमोदन किया और किसने निषेध?

Transliteration

Janamejaya uvāca | ke ca tatra sabhāstārā rājāno brahmavittama | ke cainam anvamodanta ke cainam pratyasedhayan ||

Translation

Janamejaya nói: “Hỡi bậc tối thượng trong hàng người biết Phạm (Brahman), trong hội đường ấy những vua nào là trụ cột của hội chúng? Ai tán thành cuộc cờ bạc này, và ai tìm cách ngăn cản?”

Word by Word

• के: which (persons)? who (pl.)?
• के: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• सभा-स्ताराः: stars/ornaments of the assembly (eminent courtiers)
• सभा-स्ताराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सभा-स्तार
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• राजानः: kings
• राजानः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ब्रह्म-वित्तम: O best knower of Brahman
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ब्रह्म-वित्तम
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• के: who (pl.)?
• के: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एनम्: this (one/thing), him/it
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अन्वमोदन्त: approved, assented to
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु√मुद्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• के: who (pl.)?
• के: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एनम्: this (one/thing), him/it
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्रत्यषेधयन्: forbade, opposed, prohibited
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति√षिध्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

जनमेजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Janamejaya
• brahmavittama (addressed sage, i.e., Vaiśampāyana in context)
• sabhā (the royal assembly hall)
• rājānaḥ (kings/assembly members)
• dyūta (gambling, implied by context)