Shloka 5

Rājasūyābhiṣeka-darśana: Duryodhana’s Observation of the Consecration

Devanagari script

न वै परीक्षसे सम्यगसहां शत्रुसम्भवम्‌ | ज्येष्ठपुत्रस्य हृच्छोक॑ किमर्थ नावबुध्यसे

Transliteration

na vai parīkṣase samyag asahāṁ śatru-sambhavam | jyeṣṭha-putrasya hṛc-chokaṁ kimarthaṁ nāvabudhyase ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Ngài chưa xét hỏi cho thấu đáo nguồn cơn của nỗi khổ không sao chịu nổi ấy, vốn phát sinh bởi kẻ thù. Duryodhana là trưởng tử của ngài, và một nỗi sầu lớn đã chiếm lấy tim chàng—cớ sao ngài không hiểu và truy hỏi nguyên do?”

Word by Word

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• परीक्षसे: you examine
• Type: Verb
• Root: परीक्ष्
• Form: Lat, Atmanepada, 2, singular, active (middle endings)

• सम्यक्: properly, well
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्यक्

• असहाम्: unbearable (thing/affliction)
• असहाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: असहा
• Form: feminine, accusative, singular

• शत्रु-सम्भवम्: arising from enemies
• शत्रु-सम्भवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रुसम्भव
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• ज्येष्ठ-पुत्रस्य: of the eldest son
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्येष्ठपुत्र
• Form: masculine, genitive, singular

• हृत्-शोकम्: heart-sorrow, grief in the heart
• हृत्-शोकम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हृच्छोक
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• किम्: why? for what?
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: किम्

• अर्थम्: reason, purpose
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• अवबुध्यसे: you understand, you perceive
• Type: Verb
• Root: अवबुध्
• Form: Lat, Atmanepada, 2, singular, active (middle endings)

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Duryodhana
• enemies (śatru)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A ruler and parent must investigate the real causes of distress—especially when it is rooted in hostility and moral failing—rather than ignoring it. Unexamined grief and resentment in a powerful heir can become a public calamity.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Sabha Parva context, Duryodhana is inwardly tormented after witnessing the Pāṇḍavas’ prosperity and honor. The speaker urges the elder (implicitly Dhṛtarāṣṭra) to recognize and probe the eldest son’s heart-sorrow, since it is connected with enmity and will drive harmful political decisions.