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Mahabharata — Sabha Parva, Shloka 6

Adhyāya 45 — Duryodhana’s Distress, Śakuni’s Counsel, and the Summons for Dyūta

एष न: शत्रुसत्यन्तं पार्थिवा: सात्वतीसुत: । सात्वतानां नृशंसात्मा न हितोडनपकारिणाम्‌

eṣa naḥ śatru-satyantaṁ pārthivāḥ sātvatī-sutaḥ | sātvatānāṁ nṛśaṁsātmā na hito 'danapakāriṇām ||

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Hỡi các bậc quân vương, người này—con trai của một phụ nữ Sātvati—đã trở thành kẻ thù cay nghiệt của chúng ta. Dẫu các Sātvata (tức dòng Yādava) chưa từng làm điều gì hại đến hắn, bản tính tàn bạo vẫn khiến hắn chỉ chăm chăm phá hoại phúc lợi của họ.”

एषःthis (man)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नःof us / our
नः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Plural
शत्रुenemy
शत्रु:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यन्तम्to the utmost / extremely
सत्यन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्यन्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
पार्थिवाःO kings
पार्थिवाः:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Plural
सात्वतीof Sātvati (a Yadu woman)
सात्वती:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootसात्वती
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
सुतःson
सुतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सात्वतानाम्of the Sātvatas/Yādavas
सात्वतानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootसात्वत
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
नृशंसात्माone whose nature is cruel
नृशंसात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनृशंसात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हितःbeneficial / well-disposed
हितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उदनपकारिणाम्of those who do no harm (to him)
उदनपकारिणाम्:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootअनपकारिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
P
pārthivāḥ (kings)
S
Sātvatas / Yādavas
S
sātvatī-sutaḥ (a person described as the son of a Sātvati woman)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights an ethical failure: hostility toward those who have done no harm. It implicitly condemns cruelty and ingratitude, suggesting that dharma requires goodwill and restraint, especially toward the innocent.

Vaiśampāyana reports a statement addressed to kings, identifying a particular figure as an extreme enemy. The speaker stresses that the Sātvatas/Yādavas have not wronged him, yet he persistently acts against their interests, marking him as ruthless.