Shloka 16

Adhyāya 45 — Duryodhana’s Distress, Śakuni’s Counsel, and the Summons for Dyūta

Devanagari script

वैशम्पायन उवाच एवमादि तत: सर्वे सहितास्ते नराधिपा: । वासुदेववच: श्रुत्वा चेदिराज॑ व्यगर्हयन्‌

Transliteration

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: evam-ādi tataḥ sarve sahitās te narādhipāḥ | vāsudeva-vacaḥ śrutvā cedīrājaṃ vyagarhayan ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: Sau khi những lời ấy và những lời tương tự được thốt ra, toàn thể các vua chúa đang tụ hội, nghe lời của Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa), liền đồng thanh quở trách và lên án vua xứ Cedi là Śiśupāla.

Word by Word

• वैशम्पायनः: Vaishampayana
• वैशम्पायनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैशम्पायन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• एवम्: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• आदि: etc.; beginning with (these words)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आदि

• ततः: then; thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सहिताः: together; united
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ते: those
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नराधिपाः: kings (lords of men)
• नराधिपाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नराधिप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वासुदेववचः: the words of Vasudeva (Krishna)
• वासुदेववचः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वासुदेववचस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु
• Form: Absolutive (क्त्वा), Active

• चेदिराजम्: the king of Cedi (Shishupala)
• चेदिराजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: चेदिराज
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• व्यगर्हयन्: they censured; they reproached
• Type: Verb
• Root: गर्ह्
• Form: Imperfect, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada, वि

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Janamejaya
• Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
• Cedi
• Śiśupāla
• assembled kings (narādhipāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

When a respected moral authority speaks with restraint and clarity, a community—especially leaders—should align publicly with dharma by censuring disruptive, unethical speech and conduct that threatens the integrity of the assembly.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the royal gathering, after hearing Kṛṣṇa (Vāsudeva), the assembled kings collectively rebuke the Cedi king Śiśupāla, marking him out as blameworthy before the court.