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Shloka 38

यशक्षु दर्पक्ष तथा प्रियाणि सर्वाणि कार्याणि च तेन केतुना । साकं कुरूणां हृदयानि चापतन्‌ बभूव हाहेति च नि:स्वनो महान्‌

sañjaya uvāca | yaśaś ca darpaś ca tathā priyāṇi sarvāṇi kāryāṇi ca tena ketunā | sākaṃ kurūṇāṃ hṛdayāni cāpatann babhūva hāheti ca niḥsvano mahān ||

Sañjaya nói: Cùng với lá cờ vừa ngã xuống ấy, vinh quang và kiêu hãnh của nhà Kuru cũng sụp đổ; mọi hy vọng và mọi việc họ hằng trân quý đều bị đánh gục, đến cả trái tim họ dường như cũng rơi theo. Rồi khắp bốn phía dậy lên tiếng kêu “Than ôi! Than ôi!”—một âm vang điềm gở của nỗi tuyệt vọng tập thể giữa chiến trường.

यशःfame, glory
यशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयशस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दर्पःpride, arrogance
दर्पः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदर्प
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाalso, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
प्रियाणिdear, beloved
प्रियाणि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
सर्वाणिall
सर्वाणि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
कार्याणिdeeds, affairs, undertakings
कार्याणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेनby/with that
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
केतुनाwith the banner/standard
केतुना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकेतु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
साकम्together with
साकम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाकम्
कुरूणाम्of the Kurus (Kauravas)
कुरूणाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
हृदयानिhearts
हृदयानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहृदय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपतन्fell down
अपतन्:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
बभूवthere arose/there was
बभूव:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPerfect (Lit), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
हाहेति‘ha ha!’ (a cry), thus
हाहेति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहा हा इति
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निःस्वनःsound, clamour
निःस्वनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिःस्वन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महान्great
महान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Kurūḥ (the Kurus/Kauravas)
K
ketu (banner/standard)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how external symbols (like a banner) embody collective identity and resolve; when such a symbol falls, it can precipitate inner collapse—pride, confidence, and purpose—showing the ethical fragility of power grounded in arrogance rather than steadiness of dharma.

Sañjaya reports that a prominent banner has fallen; with it the Kaurava host feels its honor, pride, cherished aims, and courage collapsing, and a widespread cry of lamentation erupts across the battlefield.