Shloka 20

अस्त्रयुद्धे द्रौणिपार्थसंघर्षः — Karṇa’s Bhārgavāstra and the Search for Yudhiṣṭhira

Chapter 45

Devanagari script

तमन्वयान्महाराज स्वयं दुर्योधनो नूप:

Transliteration

tam anvayān mahārāja svayaṃ duryodhano nūpaḥ | aśobhat mahārāja devair iva śatakratuḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya thưa: Tâu đại vương, chính Duryodhana, bậc quân vương, đi theo phía sau. Được che chở bởi những dũng sĩ hùng mạnh—các anh em ruột của chàng mang đủ binh khí và giáp trụ kỳ dị, cùng các chiến binh đại lực của xứ Madra và Kekaya tụ hội—bấy giờ chàng rực rỡ, tâu vua, như Indra (Śatakratu) được chư thiên vây quanh.

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अन्वयात्: followed
• अन्वयात्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-या (धातु: या)
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• महाराज: O great king
• महाराज: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• स्वयम्: himself
• स्वयम्: Karta
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वयम्

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नृपः: the king
• नृपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अशोभत: shone, appeared splendid
• अशोभत: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: शुभ्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada

• महाराज: O great king
• महाराज: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• देवैः: by/with the gods
• देवैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• इव: like, as if
• इव: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• शतक्रतुः: Śatakratu (Indra)
• शतक्रतुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शतक्रतु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address mahārāja)
• Duryodhana
• Duḥśāsana (from the accompanying Hindi gloss)
• Kaurava brothers (sahodara-bhrātṛs; from gloss)
• Madra (people/region; from gloss)
• Kekaya (people/region; from gloss)
• Indra (Śatakratu)
• Devas (gods)
• Weapons (astra; from gloss)
• Armor (kavaca; from gloss)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the outward splendor of royal power—Duryodhana appears glorious when backed by brothers and allied warriors—while implicitly warning that such brilliance can be rooted in pride and dependence on force rather than righteousness.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes Duryodhana proceeding behind (in the wake of) his forces, protected by his brothers and allied Madra and Kekaya heroes, and compares his appearance to Indra surrounded by the gods.