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Shloka 16

अस्त्रयुद्धे द्रौणिपार्थसंघर्षः — Karṇa’s Bhārgavāstra and the Search for Yudhiṣṭhira

Chapter 45

निदेशात्‌ सूतपुत्रस्य सरथा: साश्वपत्तय: । आह्वयन्तोअ्र्जुनं तस्थु: केशवं च महाबलम्‌

sañjaya uvāca |

nideśāt sūtaputrasya sarathāḥ sāśvapattayaḥ |

āhvayanto 'rjunaṃ tasthuḥ keśavaṃ ca mahābalam ||

Sañjaya thưa: Theo lệnh của con trai người đánh xe (Karna), quân Kāmboja, Śaka và Yavana—đủ chiến xa, kỵ binh và bộ binh—đứng vững tại vị trí chiến trận của mình, lớn tiếng thách thức Arjuna và Keśava (Kṛṣṇa) hùng lực.

निदेशात्from the command
निदेशात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootनिदेश
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
सूतपुत्रस्यof the charioteer’s son (Karna)
सूतपुत्रस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसूतपुत्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
सरथाःwith chariots
सरथाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
साश्वपत्तयःwith cavalry and infantry
साश्वपत्तयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसाश्वपत्ति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आह्वयन्तःchallenging/calling
आह्वयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआह्वा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
अर्जुनम्Arjuna
अर्जुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तस्थुःstood
तस्थुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural
केशवम्Keshava (Krishna)
केशवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महाबलम्mighty/very strong
महाबलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाबल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Karna (Sūtaputra)
A
Arjuna
K
Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
K
Kāmbojas
Ś
Śakas
Y
Yavanas
C
chariots
C
cavalry
I
infantry

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how, in war, collective action is driven by command and allegiance: troops act under a leader’s order, and their public challenge escalates the conflict. Ethically, it points to the tension between duty-bound obedience and the destructive momentum that such obedience can unleash in a righteous war.

Sañjaya reports that, following Karṇa’s command, allied foreign warrior-groups—Kāmbojas, Śakas, and Yavanas—stand in formation with chariots, cavalry, and infantry, and they challenge Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa on the battlefield.