Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 32

Adhyāya 36: Ghora-yuddha-varṇanam

A Clinical Description of the Intensified Engagement

संजय उवाच इति रणरभसस्य कत्थत- स्तदुत निशम्य वच: स मद्रराट्‌ । अवहसदवमन्य वीर्यवान्‌ प्रतिषिषिधे च जगाद चोत्तरम्‌

sañjaya uvāca | iti raṇarabhāsasya katthataḥ tad u ta niśamya vacaḥ sa madrarāṭ | avahasada avamanya vīryavān pratiṣiṣidhe ca jagāda cottaram ||

Sañjaya nói: “Tâu Đại vương, nghe những lời khoác lác của Karṇa—thốt ra trong cơn cuồng nhiệt của chiến trận—vị vua xứ Madra dũng mãnh là Śalya cười nhạo khinh miệt. Ông ngăn Karṇa không nói tiếp theo lối ấy, rồi đáp lại bằng lời của mình.”

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
रण-रभसस्यof the battle-fury / war-impetuosity
रण-रभसस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootरणरभस
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कत्थतःfrom the boaster
कत्थतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकत्थत्
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उतand / moreover
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
निशम्यhaving heard
निशम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-शम्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Active
वचःspeech, words
वचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मद्र-राट्the king of Madra (Shalya)
मद्र-राट्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमद्रराट्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अवहसत्laughed at, mocked
अवहसत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-हस्
FormImperfect, Third, Singular
अवमन्यhaving despised
अवमन्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-मन
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Active
वीर्यवान्valiant, powerful
वीर्यवान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवीर्यवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिषिषिधेforbade, restrained
प्रतिषिषिधे:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-षिध्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जगादsaid, spoke
जगाद:
TypeVerb
Rootगद्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उत्तरम्reply, answer
उत्तरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउत्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
K
Karṇa
Ś
Śalya (Madrarāja, king of Madra)
M
Madra

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a battlefield ethical tension: uncontrolled boastfulness (katthā) and pride in the heat of war invite censure. Śalya’s act of restraining speech suggests that words, like weapons, should be governed—excessive self-praise and contemptuous talk undermine judgment and right conduct.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Śalya, the king of Madra serving as Karṇa’s charioteer, hears Karṇa’s inflated battle-talk, laughs at him with contempt, stops him from continuing, and then begins his own reply—setting up the ensuing exchange between Śalya and Karṇa.