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Shloka 4

काकोपमोपदेशः

The Crow-and-Swan Exemplum as Counsel to Karṇa

अपराह्ने कथं युद्धमभवल्लोमहर्षणम्‌ । तन्ममाचक्ष्व तत्त्वेन कुशलो हासि संजय,संजय! अपराह्नकालमें किस प्रकार वह रोमांचकारी युद्ध हुआ था? यह मुझे ठीक- ठीक बताओ; क्योंकि तुम उसका वर्णन करनेमें कुशल हो

aparāhne kathaṃ yuddham abhaval lomaharṣaṇam | tan mamācakṣva tattvena kuśalo hāsi saṃjaya saṃjaya ||

Nhà vua hỏi: “Vào buổi xế chiều, trận chiến rợn người ấy đã diễn ra thế nào? Hỡi Saṃjaya, hãy nói cho ta đúng sự thật, thật rành rẽ—bởi ngươi khéo thuật lại những điều đã xảy ra.”

अपराह्नेin the afternoon
अपराह्ने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअपराह्न
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
युद्धम्the battle
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अभवत्was / happened
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
लोमहर्षणम्hair-raising, thrilling
लोमहर्षणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootलोमहर्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that (event)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ममto me / of me
मम:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular, 1st
आचक्ष्वtell, relate
आचक्ष्व:
TypeVerb
Rootचक्ष्
FormImperative (Loṭ), 2nd, Singular, Ātmanepada
तत्त्वेनin truth / accurately
तत्त्वेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
कुशलःskilled
कुशलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकुशल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
असिyou are
असि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent (Laṭ), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Saṃjaya

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical value of truthful testimony (tattvena): in the chaos of war, accurate narration matters for judgment, responsibility, and understanding dharma beyond propaganda or emotion.

The listener (the king, addressing Saṃjaya) asks for a precise account of how the intense afternoon fighting unfolded, emphasizing Saṃjaya’s skill as a reliable narrator of battlefield events.