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Shloka 49

Śalya’s Objection to Sārathya and Duryodhana’s Conciliation (शल्यमन्यु-प्रशमनम् / Sārathyāṅgīkāra)

मा योत्सी: कुरुभि: सार्थध बलवद्धिश्व पाण्डव । सदृशैस्तात युध्यस्व व्रीडां मा कुरु पाण्डव

sañjaya uvāca |

mā yotsīḥ kurubhiḥ sārthad balavaddhiśva pāṇḍava |

sadṛśais tāta yudhyasva vrīḍāṃ mā kuru pāṇḍava ||

Sañjaya thưa: “Hỡi Pandava, đừng giao chiến với người Kuru—những dũng sĩ hùng mạnh. Này con, hãy chỉ đánh với kẻ ngang sức; đừng hổ thẹn.” Trong mạch truyện, đây là lời mắng nhiếc sắc lạnh nhằm làm nhục Nakula: Karṇa, sau khi liên tiếp bắn trúng chàng, chế giễu chàng hãy thôi thách thức đối thủ vượt trội và nếu muốn thì rút lui—trộn lẫn uy lực chiến trường với đòn công kích tâm lý.

माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
योत्सीःyou should fight
योत्सीः:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Atmanepada, Madhyama, Eka
कुरुभिःwith the Kurus
कुरुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormPum, Trtiya, Bahu
सार्थम्together/along with
सार्थम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसार्थम्
बलवत्strong, powerful
बलवत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootबलवत्
FormNapum, Prathama, Eka
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
पाण्डवO Pandava
पाण्डव:
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormPum, Sambodhana, Eka
सदृशैःwith equals/similar ones
सदृशैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसदृश
FormPum, Trtiya, Bahu
तातdear one/son (voc.)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormPum, Sambodhana, Eka
युध्यस्वfight!
युध्यस्व:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
FormLot (imperative), Atmanepada, Madhyama, Eka
व्रीडाम्shame
व्रीडाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्रीडा
FormStri, Dvitiya, Eka
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
कुरुdo/make
कुरु:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormLot (imperative), Parasmaipada, Madhyama, Eka
पाण्डवO Pandava
पाण्डव:
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormPum, Sambodhana, Eka

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
K
Kurus (Kauravas)
P
Pandava (addressed; Nakula in narrative context)
K
Karna (implied by context of the episode)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how, in war, speech can be used as a weapon: Karna’s taunt aims to break an opponent’s morale by invoking hierarchy of strength and the fear of shame. Ethically, it contrasts valor with cruelty—martial prowess is shown alongside deliberate humiliation.

During the Karna Parva battle, Karna confronts Nakula, wounds him repeatedly, and then dismisses him with scornful advice: do not fight the mighty Kuru warriors; fight only your equals and do not feel ashamed—implying Nakula should withdraw.