Shloka 416

Śalya’s Objection to Sārathya and Duryodhana’s Conciliation (शल्यमन्यु-प्रशमनम् / Sārathyāṅgīkāra)

Devanagari script

अवतीर्य रथात्तूर्ण परिघं गृह धिष्ठित: । प्रजापालक नरेश! घोड़े, रथ और कवचके नष्ट हो जानेपर नकुल तुरंत उस रथसे उतरकर हाथमें परिघ लिये खड़े हो गये

Transliteration

avatīrya rathāt tūrṇaṁ parighaṁ gṛhya dhisthitaḥ | prajā-pālaka nareśa! aśva-ratha-kavaca-nāśe nakulaḥ tasmād rathād avatīrya haste parighaṁ gṛhītvā tiṣṭhati ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: “Ôi đại vương, đấng hộ dân! Khi ngựa, chiến xa và áo giáp của chàng bị phá hủy, Nakula lập tức nhảy xuống xe và đứng vững, tay nắm chặt cây chùy sắt (parigha).”

Word by Word

• अवतीर्य: having descended
• अवतीर्य: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-तॄ
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि

• रथात्: from the chariot
• रथात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Ablative, Singular

• तूर्णम्: quickly
• तूर्णम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तूर्ण

• परिघम्: an iron club/bar (parigha)
• परिघम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिघ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• गृह्णन्: taking/holding
• गृह्णन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: ग्रह्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अधिष्ठितः: stood stationed / stood firm
• अधिष्ठितः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अधि-स्था
• Form: क्त (past passive participle; used in active sense here), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रजापालक: O protector of the subjects
• प्रजापालक: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजापालक
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• नरेश: O king
• नरेश: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरेश
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address 'O king, protector of the people')
• Nakula
• ratha (chariot)
• aśva (horses)
• kavaca (armor)
• parigha (iron club)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights steadfastness in kṣatriya-dharma: when external supports (chariot, horses, armor) are lost, one should not collapse into fear but stand firm, adapting with whatever means remain, in service of duty and protection.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to the king that Nakula’s chariot resources have been destroyed; Nakula immediately dismounts and takes up a parigha (iron club), standing ready to continue fighting on foot.