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Shloka 40

Karṇa-parva Adhyāya 19 — Saṃśaptaka–Trigarta Assault and Aindra-astra Counter

हतेश्वरो दन्तिवर: सुकल्पित- स्त्वराभिसृष्ट: प्रतिशब्दगो बली । तमाद्रवद्‌ द्रौणिशराहतस्त्वरन्‌ जवेन कृत्वा प्रतिहस्तिगर्जितम्‌

hateśvaro dantivaraḥ sukalpitas tvarābhisṛṣṭaḥ pratiśabda-go balī | tam ādravad drauṇiśarāhatas tvaran javena kṛtvā pratihastigarjitam ||

Sañjaya nói: Đúng lúc ấy, một voi chúa hùng mạnh, được trang sức lộng lẫy—chủ và quản tượng đã bị giết—bỗng tuột dây lao ra trong cơn cuống cuồng, lần theo tiếng vang dội. Bị tên của Aśvatthāman bắn trúng, nó phóng nhanh về phía Pāṇḍyayāja, nghe tiếng rống của voi đối địch mà xông tới như đáp lại lời thách thức giữa cơn hỗn loạn chiến trường.

हत-ईश्वरःwhose master was slain
हत-ईश्वरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहत (कृदन्त) + ईश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दन्ति-वरःthe excellent elephant
दन्ति-वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदन्तिन् + वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सु-कल्पितःwell-equipped / well-prepared
सु-कल्पितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + कल्पित (कृदन्त, √कॢप्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वरा-अभिसृष्टःhurriedly dispatched / sent forth in haste
त्वरा-अभिसृष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वरा + अभिसृष्ट (कृदन्त, √सृज्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिशब्द-गःgoing after the echo/sound
प्रतिशब्द-गः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिशब्द + ग (कृदन्त, √गम्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बलीstrong, powerful
बली:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबलिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तम्him/that (elephant)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आद्रवत्ran towards / rushed
आद्रवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + √द्रु (द्रवति)
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular
द्रौणि-शर-आहतःstruck by the arrows of Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman)
द्रौणि-शर-आहतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रौणि + शर + आहत (कृदन्त, √हन्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वरन्hastening
त्वरन्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वर (कृदन्त, √त्वर्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जवेनwith speed
जवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
कृत्वाhaving made / having done
कृत्वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Root√कृ (क्त्वा)
FormGerund (क्त्वा)
प्रति-हस्ति-गर्जितम्a counter-elephant-roar / answering trumpet
प्रति-हस्ति-गर्जितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रति + हस्ति + गर्जित (कृदन्त, √गर्ज्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Drauṇi (Aśvatthāmā)
D
dantivara (a great war-elephant)
Ś
śara (arrows)
P
pratihasti (opposing elephant)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how, in war, the death of leadership and loss of guidance unleash blind force: a powerful instrument (the elephant) becomes dangerous and indiscriminate when control is removed, illustrating the ethical cost and chaos that violence generates.

A richly equipped war-elephant, whose rider/handler has been killed, breaks loose. Wounded by Aśvatthāmā’s arrows, it rushes rapidly toward the sound of an opposing elephant’s trumpet, charging as if to answer that challenge.