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Shloka 22

Adhyāya 17 — गजयुद्ध-वृत्तान्तः, सहदेव-दुःशासन-संघर्षः, नकुल-कर्ण-समागमः

Elephant-battle account; Sahadeva–Duhshasana clash; Nakula–Karna encounter

गजा रथाश्वाः पुरुषाश्व संघश: परस्परघ्ना: परिपेतुराहवे । परस्परं प्रस्खलिता: समाहिता भृशं निपेतुर्बहुभाषिणों हता:

gajā rathāśvāḥ puruṣāś ca saṅghaśaḥ parasparaghnāḥ paripetur āhave | parasparaṃ praskhalitāḥ samāhitā bhṛśaṃ nipetur bahubhāṣiṇo hatāḥ ||

Sañjaya nói: Trong trận chiến, voi, xe chiến, ngựa và từng đoàn bộ binh cuộn xoáy, đánh và phản kích lẫn nhau. Bị thương nặng bởi đòn của chính đồng loại, họ loạng choạng, vấp ngã; giữa muôn tiếng la hét ồn ào, kẻ bị giết ngã xuống thành từng đống.

गजाःelephants
गजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथाःchariots
रथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्वाःhorses
अश्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुरुषाःmen/foot-soldiers
पुरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सङ्घशःin groups, in crowds
सङ्घशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसङ्घशस्
परस्परघ्नाःstriking/killing one another
परस्परघ्नाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरस्परघ्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परिपेतुःrushed about / fell upon
परिपेतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-√पत्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
आहवेin battle
आहवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआहव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
परस्परम्mutually, one another
परस्परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर
प्रस्खलिताःstumbling, reeling
प्रस्खलिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-√स्खल्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
समाहिताःpressed together / engaged in close combat
समाहिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-√धा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
भृशम्exceedingly, violently
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
निपेतुःfell down
निपेतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√पत्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
बहुभाषिणःmuch-talking, noisy
बहुभाषिणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुभाषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हताःslain, killed
हताः:
TypeAdjective
Root√हन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
E
elephants
C
chariots
H
horses
F
foot-soldiers
B
battlefield (āhava)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the self-propagating nature of violence in war: when combatants are locked in mutual aggression (paraspara), order and restraint collapse, leading to indiscriminate suffering and death. Ethically, it functions as a stark reminder of war’s cost and the ease with which human speech and emotion turn into clamour amid destruction.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield at a peak of confusion: elephants, chariots, horses, and infantry surge in masses, striking one another. Many are grievously wounded, stumble, shout, and then fall dead—portraying a chaotic melee rather than orderly duels.