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Shloka 30

Bhīmasena–Drauṇi Mahāyuddha

Chariot Duel and Astra-Exchange

मध्ये व्यूहस्य राजा तु पाण्डवश्न धनंजय: । नकुल: सहदेवश्व धर्मराजस्य पृष्ठत:,उस व्यूहके वाम पार्श्वमें भीमसेन और दाहिने पार्श्वमें महाधनुर्धर धृष्टद्युम्न खड़े हुए। उसके मध्यभागमें राजा युधिष्ठिर और पाण्डुपुत्र धनंजय खड़े थे। धर्मराजके पृष्ठभागमें नकुल और सहदेव थे

sañjaya uvāca |

madhe vyūhasya rājā tu pāṇḍavaś ca dhanañjayaḥ |

nakulaḥ sahadevaś ca dharmarājasya pṛṣṭhataḥ ||

Sañjaya nói: Ở chính giữa thế trận đứng vua Yudhiṣṭhira của dòng Pāṇḍava, cùng với Dhanañjaya (Arjuna). Sau lưng Dharmarāja là Nakula và Sahadeva. Cách bày quân ấy nhấn mạnh sự bảo vệ có kỷ luật dành cho vị vua chính nghĩa và sự phối hợp bổn phận của các anh em giữa sức nặng đạo lý của chiến tranh.

मध्येin the middle
मध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
व्यूहस्यof the battle-array
व्यूहस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootव्यूह
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुindeed/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पाण्डवःthe Pandava (Yudhiṣṭhira)
पाण्डवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
धनंजयःDhanañjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नकुलःNakula
नकुलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनकुल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सहदेवःSahadeva
सहदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसहदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
धर्मराजस्यof Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
धर्मराजस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मराज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पृष्ठतःfrom behind/at the rear of
पृष्ठतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृष्ठ

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmarāja)
A
Arjuna (Dhanañjaya)
N
Nakula
S
Sahadeva
V
vyūha (battle formation)

Educational Q&A

Even in warfare, action is framed by dharma: the righteous king is placed at the protected center, while each brother accepts a defined role. The verse highlights disciplined coordination, loyalty, and the ethical ideal of safeguarding legitimate authority rather than pursuing reckless glory.

Sañjaya reports the Pandavas’ troop arrangement within a battle-formation: Yudhiṣṭhira and Arjuna stand in the middle, and Nakula and Sahadeva take position behind Yudhiṣṭhira, indicating a protective and strategic deployment as the battle with Karṇa’s side intensifies.