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Shloka 23

भीष्मपर्व — अध्याय ९६: सौभद्रस्य आक्रमणम्, अलम्बुसस्य प्रतिविधानम्

Abhimanyu’s assault; Alambusa’s counter-engagement

सहसा चाभववत्‌ तीव्रं संनिपातान्महद्‌ रज: । गजाश्वरथपत्तीनां पदनेमिसमुद्धतम्‌

sahasā cābhavattīvraṃ saṃnipātān mahad rajaḥ | gajāśvarathapattīnāṃ padanemisamuddhatam ||

Sañjaya nói: Bỗng chốc, từ cuộc va chạm dữ dội, một đám mây bụi khổng lồ bốc lên—dày đặc và hung bạo—do chân voi, vó ngựa, và vành bánh xe lăn nghiến của chiến xa cùng bước chân bộ binh hất tung.

सहसाsuddenly, at once
सहसा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभवत्arose, came to be
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formलङ् (Imperfect), 3, singular, परस्मैपदम्
तीव्रम्intense, violent
तीव्रम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतीव्र
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
संनिपातात्from the collision/close encounter
संनिपातात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसंनिपात
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
महत्great, huge
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
रजःdust
रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
गजof elephants
गज:
TypeNoun
Rootगज
Formmasculine, genitive, plural, as first member in compound गजाश्वरथपत्तीनाम
अश्वof horses
अश्व:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
Formmasculine, genitive, plural, as member in compound गजाश्वरथपत्तीनाम
रथof chariots
रथ:
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
Formmasculine, genitive, plural, as member in compound गजाश्वरथपत्तीनाम
पत्तीनाम्of foot-soldiers (infantry); (together) of elephants, horses, chariots, and infantry
पत्तीनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपत्ति
Formmasculine, genitive, plural, compound as a whole: गज-अश्व-रथ-पत्तीनाम् (of elephants, horses, chariots, and foot-soldiers)
पदby (their) feet/steps
पद:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपद
Formneuter, instrumental, plural, as first member in compound पदनेमिसमुद्धतम्
नेमिby (their) wheel-rims
नेमि:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनेमि
Formfeminine, instrumental, plural, as member in compound पदनेमिसमुद्धतम्
समुद्धतम्raised up, stirred up
समुद्धतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-उद्-हृ (समुद्धृत)
Formneuter, nominative, singular, क्त (past passive participle), qualifies रजः; compound पद-नेमि-समुद्धतम् = raised up by feet and wheel-rims

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
रजः (dust-cloud)
गज (elephants)
अश्व (horses)
रथ (chariots)
पत्ति (infantry)
नेमि (wheel-rims)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores a moral-narrative insight: when conflict erupts, it rapidly generates conditions—confusion, obscured vision, loss of discernment—that affect everyone. It implicitly warns that violence does not remain clean or controlled; it spreads disorder and moral haze along with physical dust.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that as the armies close in and collide, a massive dust-cloud suddenly rises, stirred by the trampling of elephants and horses, the movement of chariots, and the marching of infantry—signaling the intensity and scale of the engagement.