Shloka 55

Irāvān-nidhana-anantaraṃ Ghaṭotkaca-nādaḥ

After Irāvān’s fall: Ghaṭotkaca’s roar and the clash with Duryodhana

Devanagari script

ततः प्रवृत्त: सुमहान्‌ संग्राम: शोणितोदकः । तावकानां च समरे पाण्डवानां च भारत,भारत! तत्पश्चात्‌ रणक्षेत्रमें आपके पुत्रों और पाण्डवोंमें खूनको पानीकी तरह बहानेवाला महान संग्राम छिड़ गया

Transliteration

tataḥ pravṛttaḥ sumahān saṅgrāmaḥ śoṇitodakaḥ | tāvakānāṃ ca samare pāṇḍavānāṃ ca bhārata bhārata ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Rồi một trận đại chiến bùng nổ, máu chảy như nước—giữa các con trai của bệ hạ và các Pāṇḍava trên chiến địa, hỡi Bhārata.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)

• प्रवृत्तः: arisen, begun
• प्रवृत्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रवृत्त (√वृत्/√वृत्त् with प्र-; क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सुमहान्: very great
• सुमहान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• संग्रामः: battle
• संग्रामः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संग्राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शोणितोदकः: having blood as water; blood-watered
• शोणितोदकः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शोणित-उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तावकानाम्: of your people/sons (Kauravas)
• तावकानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तावक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• पाण्डवानाम्: of the Pandavas
• पाण्डवानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• भारत: O Bharata (Dhritarashtra)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as Bhārata)
• Kauravas (tāvakāḥ / your sons’ party)
• Pāṇḍavas
• battlefield (raṇakṣetra / samara context)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical cost of adharma-driven conflict: when rivalry and injustice culminate in war, the result is indiscriminate suffering—symbolized by blood flowing like water—affecting both ‘your sons’ and the Pāṇḍavas alike.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that, after the preceding developments, a massive battle breaks out between the Kaurava forces (Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons’ side) and the Pāṇḍavas, marked by intense slaughter.