Shloka 117

Devanagari script

ततो दुःशासनो राजन श्वैतं दृष्टया निपातितम्‌

Transliteration

tato duḥśāsano rājan śvaitaṃ dṛṣṭayā nipātitam

Translation

Sañjaya nói: “Rồi, tâu Đại vương, Duḥśāsana trông thấy Śvaita bị đánh gục và ngã xuống.” Câu này nhấn mạnh đà tàn khốc của chiến địa: chứng kiến đồng đội ngã xuống vừa làm ý chí thêm cứng rắn, vừa khiến gánh nặng đạo lý của bạo lực tiếp diễn trở nên nặng nề hơn.

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereupon
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from there/then')

• दुःशासनः: Duhshasana
• दुःशासनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःशासन
• Form: Masculine, nominative, singular

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, vocative, singular

• श्वैतम्: the white (one/thing)
• श्वैतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्वैत
• Form: Neuter, accusative, singular

• दृष्ट्या: with (his) sight/glance
• दृष्ट्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दृष्टि
• Form: Feminine, instrumental, singular

• निपातितम्: felled/caused to fall/struck down
• निपातितम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-पत्
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), neuter accusative singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Duḥśāsana
• Śvaita

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical gravity of war: each fall on the battlefield is not merely tactical information but a moral event that intensifies sorrow, anger, and the karmic burden borne by those who continue the conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duḥśāsana witnesses Śvaita lying felled—an immediate battlefield update marking a shift in morale and the unfolding consequences of combat.