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Shloka 31

Chapter 51: Saṃdhyākāla-saṃhāra

Evening Withdrawal after Arjuna’s Counter-Advance

तेषां जवेनापततां भीष्म: शान्तनवो रणे | पाज्चाल्यं त्रिभिरानर्च्छत्‌ सात्यकिं नवभि: शरै:,शान्तनुनन्दन भीष्मने रणभूमिमें वेगपूर्वक आक्रमण करनेवाले उन दसों महारथियोंमेंसे धृष्टद्यम्मको तीन और सात्यकिको नौ बाणोंसे गहरी चोट पहुँचायी

teṣāṁ javena āpatatāṁ bhīṣmaḥ śāntanavo raṇe | pāñcālyaṁ tribhir ānarccchat sātyakiṁ navabhiḥ śaraiḥ ||

Sañjaya nói: Khi các dũng sĩ ấy lao tới với tốc độ dữ dội, Bhīṣma, con của Śāntanu, đã nghênh chiến trên chiến địa. Ngài bắn Dhṛṣṭadyumna của người Pāñcāla ba mũi tên và bắn Sātyaki chín mũi—bộc lộ sức mạnh nghiêm cẩn, kỷ luật của một lão tướng, người có bổn phận chặn đà tiến của địch, ngay giữa bầu không khí đạo lý nặng nề của cuộc chiến giết hại thân tộc.

तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
जवेनwith speed
जवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
आपतताम्of (those) attacking/rushing
आपतताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootआपत् (आ + पत्)
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Genitive, Plural
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शान्तनवःson of Shantanu
शान्तनवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशान्तनव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पाञ्चाल्यम्the Panchala prince (Dhrishtadyumna)
पाञ्चाल्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाञ्चाल्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्रिभिःwith three
त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeNumeral
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
आनर्च्छत्struck/attacked (with arrows)
आनर्च्छत्:
TypeVerb
Rootऋच्छ् (आ + ऋच्छ्)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सात्यकिम्Satyaki
सात्यकिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसात्यकि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नवभिःwith nine
नवभिः:
Karana
TypeNumeral
Rootनवन्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
शरैःwith arrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śāntanu
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
P
Pāñcālas
S
Sātyaki
A
arrows
B
battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma in its stark form: a commander must restrain an onrushing enemy through measured, effective force. It also implicitly underscores the ethical weight of war—skill and duty operate within a tragic field where even righteous discipline entails harm.

As a group of warriors charge forward, Bhīṣma counters their momentum. He wounds Dhṛṣṭadyumna with three arrows and Sātyaki with nine, demonstrating his battlefield superiority and his role as the Kaurava bulwark in the Kurukṣetra war.