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Shloka 6

भूमिगुण-प्रश्नः

Inquiry into the qualities of Earth and the classification of beings

चत्वारो5प्सु गुणा राजन्‌ गन्धस्तत्र न विद्यते । शब्द: स्पर्शश्व॒ रूपं च तेजसो5थ गुणास्त्रय: । शब्द: स्पर्शश्ष॒ वायोस्तु आकाशे शब्द एव तु,राजन! जलमें चार ही गुण हैं। उसमें गन्धका अभाव है। तेजके शब्द, स्पर्श तथा रूप --ये तीन गुण हैं। वायुके शब्द और स्पर्श दो ही गुण हैं और आकाशका एकमात्र शब्द ही गुण है

sañjaya uvāca | catvāro 'psu guṇā rājan gandhas tatra na vidyate | śabdaḥ sparśaś ca rūpaṃ ca tejaso 'tha guṇās trayaḥ | śabdaḥ sparśaś ca vāyos tu ākāśe śabda eva tu |

Sañjaya thưa: “Tâu Đại vương, trong nước có bốn phẩm tính cảm giác; hương không hiện hữu nơi đó. Lửa có ba phẩm tính—âm thanh, xúc chạm và hình sắc. Gió chỉ có hai—âm thanh và xúc chạm. Còn hư không chỉ có một phẩm tính duy nhất: âm thanh.”

चत्वारःfour
चत्वारः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अप्सुin waters (in water)
अप्सु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
गुणाःqualities
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गन्धःsmell
गन्धः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगन्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere (in that)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्यतेexists / is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
शब्दःsound
शब्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्पर्शःtouch
स्पर्शः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्पर्श
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रूपम्form / color
रूपम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेजसःof fire (of tejas)
तेजसः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अथthen / moreover
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
गुणाःqualities
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शब्दःsound
शब्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्पर्शःtouch
स्पर्शः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्पर्श
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वायोःof air (of vāyu)
वायोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
आकाशेin ether/space
आकाशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
शब्दःsound
शब्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवonly / indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
A
ap (water)
T
tejas (fire)
V
vāyu (wind)
Ā
ākāśa (space/ether)

Educational Q&A

The verse classifies the gross elements by their sensory qualities (guṇas): space has sound; wind has sound and touch; fire has sound, touch, and form; water has four qualities but lacks smell. The point is to map experience through perception and encourage discernment about the material field.

Sañjaya continues instructive discourse to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, presenting a philosophical enumeration of elemental qualities—typical of Sāṅkhya-style analysis—within the broader Bhīṣma Parva setting.