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Shloka 15

कर्मयोग–ज्ञानयज्ञ–अवतारोपदेश

Karma-Yoga, Jñāna-Yajña, and Avatāra Instruction

यं हि न व्यथयन्त्येते पुरुष पुरुषर्षभ । समदुःखसुखं धीरं सो$मृतत्वाय कल्पते

yaṁ hi na vyathayanty ete puruṣa puruṣarṣabha | samaduḥkhasukhaṁ dhīraṁ so ’mṛtatvāya kalpate ||

Sañjaya nói: “Hỡi bậc tối thượng trong loài người, người kiên định mà những tiếp xúc ấy—giữa các căn và các đối tượng—không làm dao động, người bình đẳng trước khổ và vui, người trí ấy trở nên xứng đáng với bất tử, tức giải thoát.”

यम्whom
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
व्यथयन्तिafflict/disturb
व्यथयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootव्यथ्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुरुषO man
पुरुष:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पुरुषर्षभO bull among men (best of men)
पुरुषर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
समदुःखसुखम्equal in pain and pleasure
समदुःखसुखम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमदुःखसुख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धीरम्steadfast/wise
धीरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधीर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अमृतत्वायfor immortality (liberation)
अमृतत्वाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअमृतत्व
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
कल्पतेis fit/qualifies
कल्पते:
TypeVerb
Rootकॢप्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
P
puruṣa (the person addressed)
P
puruṣarṣabha (best of men)

Educational Q&A

A person who is not shaken by sense-experiences and who maintains equanimity in pleasure and pain is spiritually mature and becomes qualified for liberation (amṛtatva/mokṣa).

In the discourse narrated by Sanjaya, a teaching is being stated about inner steadiness: amid the pressures of experience (especially relevant in the war setting), the ideal person remains undisturbed and thus becomes fit for the highest goal.