Shloka 43

Devanagari script

तयो: समभवद्‌ युद्ध भीष्महेतोर्महाहवे

Transliteration

tayoḥ samabhavad yuddhaṃ bhīṣmahetoḥ mahāhave

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Trong đại chiến ấy, vì Bhīṣma mà giữa hai người bùng lên một cuộc giao tranh dữ dội—chính sự hiện diện và uy quyền của ông là nguyên cớ trực tiếp khiến cuộc đụng độ khởi phát.

Word by Word

• तयोः: of the two (of them)
• तयोः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उभयलिङ्ग (सर्वनाम), षष्ठी, द्विवचन

• समभवत्: arose / happened
• समभवत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथम, एकवचन

• युद्धम्: battle
• युद्धम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसक, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• भीष्महेतोः: for the sake of Bhīṣma / due to Bhīṣma
• भीष्महेतोः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्महेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• महाहवे: in the great battle
• महाहवे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाहव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• संजय (Sañjaya)
• भीष्म (Bhīṣma)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how pivotal figures can become the immediate cause (hetu) for large-scale events: in war, leadership and allegiance concentrate moral and strategic tensions, turning personal vows and authority into catalysts for collective violence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that a major clash erupted between the opposing forces in the great battle, and he attributes the outbreak of this engagement specifically to Bhīṣma—indicating that actions centered on him (as commander, target, or decisive presence) triggered the confrontation.