Shloka 32

भीष्मस्य अप्रतिमपराक्रमः — शिखण्डिपुरस्कृतः प्रहारः

Bhīṣma’s unmatched momentum and the assault with Śikhaṇḍin in the lead

Devanagari script

ततोडर्जुनो जातमन्युर्वाष्णेयं वीक्ष्य पीडितम्‌

Transliteration

tato 'rjuno jātamanyur vāṣṇeyam vīkṣya pīḍitam

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Rồi Arjuna, cơn giận bừng dậy, thấy Vāṣṇeya (Krishna) bị hành hạ, liền nổi sôi—phẫn nộ dâng lên trước nỗi đau của người đánh xe và bậc dẫn đường của mình giữa cơn hỗn loạn chiến trường.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद्
• Form: Avyaya (indeclinable adverb)

• अर्जुनः: Arjuna
• अर्जुनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• जातमन्युः: whose anger had arisen; enraged
• जातमन्युः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जातमन्यु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वाष्णेयम्: the descendant of Vृष्णि (Krishna)
• वाष्णेयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाष्णेय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• वीक्ष्य: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: वीक्ष्
• Form: Absolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), indeclinable; from √वीक्ष् 'to see'

• पीडितम्: afflicted, distressed, tormented
• पीडितम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पीडित
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular (past passive participle from √पीड्)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna
• Krishna (Vāṣṇeya)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical impulse to protect one’s ally and guide: Arjuna’s anger is not mere aggression but a reaction to perceived injustice and harm done to Krishna. It underscores loyalty and the kṣatriya’s duty to respond when the righteous are threatened.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya describes a turning point in the battle scene: Arjuna sees Krishna (his charioteer, Vāṣṇeya) being afflicted or pressured, and Arjuna’s anger flares up, preparing him to act forcefully in response.