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Shloka 39

Yuga-Lakṣaṇa and Varṣa-Pramāṇa Inquiry (युगलक्षण–वर्षप्रमाण–प्रश्न)

न तत्र राजा राजेन्द्र न दण्डो न च दण्डिक: । स्वधर्मेणैव धर्मज्ञास्ते रक्षन्ति परस्परम्‌,राजेन्द्र! वहाँ न कोई राजा है, न दण्ड है और न दण्ड देनेवाला है। वहाँके लोग धर्मके ज्ञाता हैं और स्वधर्मपालनके ही प्रभावसे एक-दूसरेकी रक्षा करते हैं

na tatra rājā rājendra na daṇḍo na ca daṇḍikaḥ | svadharmeṇaiva dharmajñās te rakṣanti parasparam ||

Sañjaya thưa: “Ôi bậc chúa tể của các vua! Ở cõi ấy không có vua, không có gậy trừng phạt, cũng không có kẻ thi hành hình phạt. Dân chúng nơi đó là những người am tường dharma, và chỉ nhờ sức mạnh của việc giữ trọn bổn phận chính đáng của mình mà họ bảo hộ lẫn nhau.”

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
tatrathere
tatra:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra
rājāking
rājā:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootrājan
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
rājendraO king of kings
rājendra:
TypeNoun
Rootrājendra
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
nanor
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
daṇḍaḥpunishment; rod of chastisement
daṇḍaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootdaṇḍa
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
nanor
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
daṇḍikaḥpunisher; wielder of punishment
daṇḍikaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootdaṇḍika
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
svadharmeṇaby (their) own duty
svadharmeṇa:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootsva-dharma
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
evaindeed; alone
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva
dharmajñāḥknowers of dharma
dharmajñāḥ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootdharma-jña
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
tethey
te:
Karta
TypePronoun
Roottad
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
rakṣantiprotect
rakṣanti:
TypeVerb
Rootrakṣ
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
parasparamone another; mutually
parasparam:
Karma
TypeIndeclinable
Rootparaspara

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as rājendra)

Educational Q&A

Social harmony can arise not only from external coercion (daṇḍa) but from internalized dharma: when people know righteousness and follow their own duties (svadharma), they naturally safeguard one another without needing a ruler or punitive enforcement.

Sañjaya is describing to Dhṛtarāṣṭra an ideal condition/realm where governance by punishment is unnecessary because the inhabitants are dharma-knowing and maintain order through self-regulation and mutual responsibility.