Shloka 30

Adhyāya 108 — Nimitta-darśana and Drona’s counsel amid Arjuna’s advance (निमित्तदर्शनं द्रोणोपदेशश्च)

Devanagari script

महौघवेगं समरे वारयामास पाण्डव: । मद्रराजं च समरे धर्मराजो महारथ:

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

mahaughavegaṃ samare vārayāmāsa pāṇḍavaḥ |

madra-rājaṃ ca samare dharma-rājo mahā-rathaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Giữa trận mạc, vị Pāṇḍava—Dharmarāja Yudhiṣṭhira, đại xa chiến binh—đã chặn đà xung kích như chặn một cơn lũ dữ, và ngay trong cuộc giao tranh ấy cũng kìm giữ được vua xứ Madra.

Word by Word

• महौघवेगम्: having the speed of a great flood
• महौघवेगम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महौघवेग
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• वारयामास: checked/held back
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृ (वारयति)
• Form: Perfect (Periphrastic), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• पाण्डवः: the Pandava (Yudhishthira)
• पाण्डवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मद्रराजम्: the king of Madra (Shalya)
• मद्रराजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्रराज
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• धर्मराजः: Dharma-king (Yudhishthira)
• धर्मराजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मराज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महारथः: the great chariot-warrior
• महारथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira / Dharma-rāja)
• Madra-rāja (Śalya)
• battlefield (samara)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even a ruler famed for dharma must, when duty demands, act decisively in war: restraint here is not passivity but the disciplined power to check destructive force and protect one’s side.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya narrates that Yudhiṣṭhira, the Dharma-rāja, confronts the Madra king Śalya and halts the torrent-like advance of Śalya and his forces on the battlefield.