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Shloka 25

Adhyāya 108 — Nimitta-darśana and Drona’s counsel amid Arjuna’s advance (निमित्तदर्शनं द्रोणोपदेशश्च)

ततो दुर्योधनो दीनो दृष्टवा सैन्यं पराजितम्‌

tato duryodhano dīno dṛṣṭvā sainyaṁ parājitam

Bấy giờ Duryodhana, lòng chùng xuống và u sầu, thấy quân mình bại trận, liền bị một sự tỉnh ngộ lạnh lẽo về hậu quả của những lựa chọn trong chiến tranh bao trùm—nơi kiêu mạn và adharma chỉ sinh ra khổ đau và mất mát.

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/then')
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
दीनःdejected, distressed
दीनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदीन
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (agreeing with दुर्योधनः)
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), 'having seen'
सैन्यम्army
सैन्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, accusative, singular
पराजितम्defeated, routed
पराजितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपराजित

संजय उवाच

D
Duryodhana
A
army (sainya)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral and psychological fallout of unrighteous ambition: when one pursues power through adharma, the inevitable reversals of war bring not only strategic loss but inner collapse—dīnatā (despondency) born of facing the results of one’s own actions.

Sañjaya reports that Duryodhana becomes dejected after witnessing his forces being defeated. It marks a turning point in mood: confidence gives way to anxiety and sorrow as the battlefield reality turns against the Kauravas.