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Shloka 43

भीष्मरथाभिमुख्यं — Arjuna’s advance with Śikhaṇḍin; Duḥśāsana’s interception

भीष्म॑ द्रोणं कृपं चैव शल्यं चोवाच भारत । युध्यध्वमनहंकारा: कि चिरं कुरुथेति च

sañjaya uvāca | bhīṣmaṃ droṇaṃ kṛpaṃ caiva śalyaṃ covāca bhārata | yudhyadhvam anahaṃkārāḥ kiṃ ciraṃ kurutheti ca ||

Sañjaya thưa: “Rồi Duryodhana nói với Bhīṣma, Droṇa, Kṛpa và Śalya: ‘Hãy chiến đấu, gạt bỏ kiêu mạn và tự tôn. Sao còn chần chừ lâu đến thế?’ Khoảnh khắc ấy cho thấy trong cơn nóng của chiến trận, sự nôn nóng và cái tôi có thể thúc các tướng lĩnh gây sức ép lên bậc trưởng thượng và thầy dạy, biến bổn phận thành cuộc tranh danh hơn là sự theo đuổi chính đạo có kỷ luật.”

भीष्मम्Bhishma (as object addressed)
भीष्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
द्रोणम्Drona
द्रोणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कृपम्Kripa
कृपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
शल्यम्Shalya
शल्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
युध्यध्वम्fight (you all)!
युध्यध्वम्:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
FormImperative, Second, Plural, Atmanepada
अनहंकाराःO (you) without arrogance
अनहंकाराः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनहंकार
FormMasculine, Vocative, Plural
किम्what?/why?
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चिरम्for a long time/so long
चिरम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचिर
कुरुथdo/are doing
कुरुथ:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Second, Plural, Parasmaipada
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
D
Droṇa
K
Kṛpa (Kṛpācārya)
Ś
Śalya
B
Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
D
Duryodhana

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical tension between duty in battle and the corrupting influence of ego and impatience. Even when urging ‘fight without ego,’ Duryodhana’s command reveals how pride and urgency can distort dharma into mere victory-seeking.

Sañjaya reports that Duryodhana addresses senior Kaurava commanders—Bhīṣma, Droṇa, Kṛpa, and Śalya—pressing them to engage decisively and questioning their delay, thereby intensifying the momentum of the battle.