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Shloka 1

भीष्मरथाभिमुख्यं — Arjuna’s advance with Śikhaṇḍin; Duḥśāsana’s interception

अपन प्रा बा >>: > यहाँपर “मर्यादा” शब्द सम्बन्धकी मर्यादाके लिये प्रयुक्त हुआ है। ग>र्योधिकशततमो< ध्याय: उभय पक्षकी सेनाओंका घमासान युद्ध और रक्तमयी रणनदीका वर्णन संजय उवाच मध्यन्दिने महाराज संग्राम: समपद्यत । लोकक्षयकरो रौद्रो भीष्मस्य सह सोमकै:

sañjaya uvāca | madhyandine mahārāja saṅgrāmaḥ samapadyata | lokakṣayakaro raudro bhīṣmasya saha somakaiḥ ||

Sanjaya thưa: “Tâu Đại vương, đến giữa trưa thì trận chiến đã bùng nổ trọn vẹn—dữ dội và kinh hoàng, gieo tai họa diệt vong cho muôn dân—giữa Bhishma và các Somaka.”

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मध्यंदिनेat midday
मध्यंदिने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्यंदिन
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
संग्रामःbattle
संग्रामः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समपद्यतcame about / occurred
समपद्यत:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + पद्
FormImperfect, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
लोकक्षयकरःcausing destruction of people/worlds
लोकक्षयकरः:
TypeAdjective
Rootलोकक्षयकर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रौद्रःterrible, fierce
रौद्रः:
TypeAdjective
Rootरौद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भीष्मस्यof Bhishma
भीष्मस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
सोमकैःwith the Somakas
सोमकैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसोमक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address mahārāja)
B
Bhīṣma
S
Somakas

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ethical cost of war: even when fought by renowned warriors, battle becomes “lokakṣayakara”—a force of collective ruin. It frames the Kurukṣetra conflict as not merely heroic combat but a calamity with broad human consequences.

Sanjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that by midday the fighting has intensified into a fierce, dreadful engagement, specifically highlighting Bhīṣma’s clash with the Somakas (Pañcāla-aligned forces).