Shloka 4

Daśame’hani Bhīṣma-yuddham — Śikhaṇḍī-rakṣaṇa, Arjuna-prabhāva, Duryodhana-āśraya-vākyam

Devanagari script

संजय उवाच न द्रोण: समरे पार्थ जानीते प्रियमात्मन: । क्षत्रधर्म पुरस्कृत्य पार्थो वा गुरुमाहवे

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | na droṇaḥ samare pārtha jānīte priyam ātmanaḥ | kṣatradharma-puraskṛtya pārtho vā gurum āhave ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: “Hỡi Pārtha, giữa cơn chiến trận, Droṇa không xem ngươi là kẻ được riêng yêu; và chính ngươi cũng vậy—đặt kṣatriya-dharma lên trước—trên chiến địa không coi thầy mình như người được ưu ái.”

Word by Word

• संजयः: Sanjaya
• संजयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• द्रोणः: Drona
• द्रोणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• पार्थ: O Partha (Arjuna)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• जानीते: knows/recognizes
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

• प्रियम्: dear (as dear one)
• प्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आत्मनः: of himself/for himself
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• क्षत्रधर्मम्: the duty of a kshatriya
• क्षत्रधर्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षत्रधर्म
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पुरस्कृत्य: having put in front; keeping foremost
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरस्-कृ
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Active

• पार्थः: Partha (Arjuna)
• पार्थः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वा: or/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• गुरुम्: the teacher
• गुरुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आहवे: in combat
• आहवे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहव
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Droṇa (Droṇācārya)
• Arjuna (Pārtha)
• Guru (teacher-preceptor relationship)
• Battlefield (samara/āhava)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

In war, personal favoritism and private affection are subordinated to kṣatriya-dharma; even the guru–disciple bond must yield to the impartial demands of duty in battle.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya explains to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Droṇa will not spare Arjuna out of fondness, and Arjuna likewise will not hold back out of reverence for his teacher, because both prioritize the warrior code on the battlefield.