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Shloka 31

सैन्यसंनिवेशः (Sainyasaṃniveśaḥ) — Deployment, Omens, and Yuddha-Dharma Conventions

एकेन सह संयुक्त: प्रपन्नो विमुखस्तथा । क्षीणशस्त्रो विवर्मा च न हन्तव्य: कदाचन,जो एकके साथ युद्धमें लगा हो, शरणमें आया हो, पीठ दिखाकर भागा हो और जिसके अस्त्र-शस्त्र और कवच कट गये हों; ऐसे मनुष्यको कदापि न मारा जाय

ekena saha saṁyuktaḥ prapanno vimukhas tathā | kṣīṇaśastro vivarmā ca na hantavyaḥ kadācana ||

Vaiśaṃpāyana nói: Kẻ nào đang giao chiến chỉ với một đối thủ, hoặc đã cầu xin nương tựa, hoặc quay lưng bỏ chạy, lại cả kẻ đã cạn vũ khí và mất giáp—người như thế tuyệt đối không được giết. Đây là điều luật của chiến tranh theo chính pháp: không được mưu cầu thắng lợi bằng cách sát hại kẻ bất lực hay kẻ đã đầu hàng.

एकेनwith one (person)
एकेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
सहtogether/with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
संयुक्तःengaged/joined (in combat)
संयुक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + युज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
प्रपन्नःone who has surrendered/sought refuge
प्रपन्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र + पद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
विमुखःturned away; fleeing
विमुखः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + मुख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाalso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
क्षीणशस्त्रःwhose weapons are exhausted/lost
क्षीणशस्त्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षीण + शस्त्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विवर्माwithout armor
विवर्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + वर्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हन्तव्यःto be killed (fit to be slain)
हन्तव्यः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, तव्यत् (gerundive; 'to be ...')
कदाचनever/at any time
कदाचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचन

वैशग्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana

Educational Q&A

The core teaching is dharma-yuddha (righteous warfare): do not kill an opponent who is effectively helpless—one fighting only a single duel, one who has surrendered, one who is fleeing with his back turned, or one who is disarmed and without armour.

In the opening of Bhīṣma Parva, Vaiśaṃpāyana recounts norms and codes governing conduct in battle. This verse lists specific categories of combatants who must be spared, framing the Kurukṣetra war within an ethical rule-set even amid violence.