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Shloka 63

Adhyāya 90: Babhruvāhana’s Reception and the Commencement of Yudhiṣṭhira’s Aśvamedha

पुत्र बवाच अपत्यमस्मि ते पुंसस्त्राणात्‌ पुत्र इति स्मृत: । आत्मा पुत्र: स्मृतस्तस्मात्‌ त्राह्मात्मानमिहात्मना

putra uvāca—apatyam asmi te puṁsas trāṇāt putra iti smṛtaḥ | ātmā putraḥ smṛtas tasmāt trāhy ātmānam ihātmanā ||

Người con nói: “Thưa cha, con là huyết thống của cha. Vì con trai được xem là người che chở (trāṇa) cho người đàn ông, nên mới gọi là ‘putra’. Lại nữa, con trai được coi là chính bản thân của người cha; vậy nên ngay tại đây, xin cha hãy tự bảo hộ mình qua con—chính cha trong hình hài người con.”

पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अपत्यम्offspring/child
अपत्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअपत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अस्मिam
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
तेof you/your
ते:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
पुंसःof a man
पुंसः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootपुंस्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
त्राणात्from protection; because of saving
त्राणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootत्राण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
स्मृतःis called/remembered
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (participial)
आत्माself
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis considered
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (participial)
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्-प्रातिपदिक)
त्राहिprotect (yourself)! / save!
त्राहि:
TypeVerb
Rootत्रा
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
आत्मानम्yourself
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इहhere (in this world/now)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
आत्मनाby/with (your) self
आत्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular

पुत्र उवाच

P
putra (son)
P
pitā / puṁs (father/man)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames sonship as a dharmic responsibility: the son is traditionally defined as one who protects the father, and is even regarded as the father’s own self; therefore the father should accept protection and support through the son.

A son addresses his father directly, identifying himself as the father’s offspring and invoking traditional definitions of ‘putra’ to urge the father to rely on him for protection in the present circumstance.