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Shloka 1

शकुनेः पुत्रेण सह आश्वमेधाश्वविषयः संघर्षः — Arjuna’s restrained engagement with Śakuni’s son during the horse-escort

अफ्-#-#क+ पञ्चाशीतितमोब<् ध्याय: यज्ञभूमिकी तैयारी

vaiśampāyana uvāca | ity uktvānuyayau pārtho hayaṁ kāmavihāriṇam | nyavartata tato vājī yena nāgāhvayaṁ puram ||

Vaiśampāyana nói: Nói xong như vậy, Pārtha (Arjuna) lên đường đuổi theo con ngựa tế lễ, con ngựa được thả cho rong ruổi tùy ý. Rồi con tuấn mã quay đầu, hướng về Nāgāhvaya—thành Hastināpura. Trong khuôn khổ đạo lý của lễ Aśvamedha, việc ngựa tự do đi lại là dấu hiệu của quyền uy tối thượng được thử thách mà không cần bạo lực vô ích; còn việc Arjuna theo sát là sự hộ trì nghi lễ bằng kỷ luật, chứ không phải chinh phạt vì ham chinh phạt.

इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उक्त्वाhaving said
उक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), active, same as main verb-subject
अनुययौfollowed
अनुययौ:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-या
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3, singular, parasmaipada
पार्थःArjuna (son of Pritha)
पार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
हयम्the horse
हयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
काम-विहारिणम्wandering at will
काम-विहारिणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकामविहारिन्
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
न्यवर्ततturned back / returned
न्यवर्तत:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√वृत्
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3, singular, ātmanepada
ततःthen / from there
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
वाजीthe steed
वाजी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाजिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
येनby which / along which (way)
येन:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
नागाह्वयम्called Nāga (i.e., Nāgāhvaya)
नागाह्वयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनागाह्वय
Formneuter, accusative, singular
पुरम्city
पुरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुर
Formneuter, accusative, singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya
A
Arjuna (Pārtha)
A
Aśvamedha horse (vājī/haya)
H
Hastināpura (Nāgāhvaya-pura)
G
Gāndhāra-rāja (contextual reference)

Educational Q&A

Power is to be exercised under dharma: the Aśvamedha horse moves freely as a lawful test of sovereignty, and the warrior’s role is disciplined protection of the rite, avoiding aggression unless challenged.

After addressing the Gāndhāra king (as implied by the surrounding context), Arjuna begins following the freely roaming sacrificial horse; the horse then turns back toward Hastināpura (Nāgāhvaya-pura).