Shloka 31

Devanagari script

सचतंविजने दृष्टवा पांसुभि: कर्दमेन च । श्लेष्मणा चैव राजानं छीवनैश्व समाकिरत्‌,एकान्तमें पहुँचनेपर राजाको अपने पीछे-पीछे आते देख संवर्तने उनपर धूल फेंकी, कीचड़ उछाला तथा थूक और खखार डाल दिये

Transliteration

sa ca taṁ vijane dṛṣṭvā pāṁsubhiḥ kardamena ca | śleṣmaṇā caiva rājānaṁ chīvanaiś ca samākirat ||

Translation

Vyāsa nói: Khi Saṁvarta thấy nhà vua theo mình vào chốn vắng vẻ, ông liền rắc bụi, hắt bùn; lại còn làm nhơ bẩn nhà vua bằng đờm dãi, nước bọt và chất nhầy.

Word by Word

• सचतम्: following, accompanying
• सचतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सचत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• विजने: in a lonely/solitary place
• विजने: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विजन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• पांसुभिः: with dust
• पांसुभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पांसु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• कर्दमेन: with mud
• कर्दमेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्दम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• श्लेष्मणा: with phlegm/spittle
• श्लेष्मणा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्लेष्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• राजानम्: the king
• राजानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• छीवनैः: with spittings/sputum
• छीवनैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: छीवन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• समाकिरत्: he covered/sprinkled (over)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + आ + कृ (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Saṁvarta
• the King (rājā)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights an ethical test: true dharma is shown by restraint and steadiness when one is insulted. The king’s response to deliberate humiliation becomes a measure of inner discipline and fitness for righteous action.

What is happening in the narrative?

Saṁvarta, seeing the king follow him into a secluded place, intentionally degrades him—throwing dust and mud and casting phlegm/spittle—apparently to repel him or to test his perseverance and temper.