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Shloka 18

Uttanka’s Inquiry and Vāsudeva’s Adhyātma Exposition

Guṇa–Ritual–Immanence Teaching

ततो यमक्षयं जग्मु: समासाद्येतरेतरम्‌ । पज्चैव पाण्डवा: शिष्टा हतामित्रा हतात्मजा: । धार्रराष्ट्रश्न निहता: सर्वे ससुतबान्धवा:

tato yamakṣayaṁ jagmuḥ samāsādya itaretaram | pañcaiva pāṇḍavāḥ śiṣṭā hatāmitrā hatātmajāḥ | dhārtarāṣṭrāś ca nihatāḥ sarve sasutabāndhavāḥ ||

Vaiśampāyana nói: Rồi họ xông vào nhau và đi đến cõi của Yama—kết thúc trong cuộc tàn sát lẫn nhau. Trong trận chiến ấy, chỉ còn năm anh em Pāṇḍava sống sót, sau khi đã giết sạch kẻ thù; nhưng các con trai của họ cũng đều bị giết. Toàn thể các Dhārtarāṣṭra—những con trai của Dhṛtarāṣṭra do Gāndhārī sinh ra—đều bị diệt vong, cùng với con cháu và thân tộc.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
यमक्षयम्the abode of Yama (death)
यमक्षयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयमक्षय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जग्मुःwent
जग्मुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
समासाद्यhaving met/approached
समासाद्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
FormLyap (absolutive/gerund), Active
इतरेतरम्one another (mutually)
इतरेतरम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइतरेतर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular, reciprocal sense
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeNumeral
Rootपञ्च
एवonly, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पाण्डवाःthe Pandavas
पाण्डवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शिष्टाःremained, were left
शिष्टाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past passive participle (kta) from √शिष्/√शास् in sense 'remain'
हतामित्राःhaving slain (their) enemies
हतामित्राः:
TypeAdjective
Rootहत-अमित्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हतात्मजाःwhose sons were slain
हतात्मजाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootहत-आत्मज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धार्तराष्ट्राःthe sons of Dhritarashtra
धार्तराष्ट्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निहताःwere slain
निहताः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√हन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past passive participle (kta)
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ससुतबान्धवाःtogether with sons and kinsmen
ससुतबान्धवाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootस- सुत- बान्धव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
Y
Yama
Y
Yamaloka (Yama’s realm)
P
Pāṇḍavas (the five brothers)
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Dhārtarāṣṭras (Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons)
G
Gāndhārī
S
sons of the Pāṇḍavas
S
sons and kinsmen of the Dhārtarāṣṭras

Educational Q&A

Even when a side ‘wins’ a war, the ethical and human cost can be total: hatred and adharma consume both victor and vanquished. The verse highlights the tragic symmetry of destruction—enemies are slain, but one’s own sons and kin are also lost—warning that violence fractures lineage, joy, and moral order.

Vaiśampāyana summarizes the outcome of the great conflict: the combatants meet death and go to Yama’s realm. Only the five Pāṇḍavas remain alive, though their sons are dead; Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons (the Dhārtarāṣṭras), born of Gāndhārī, are all annihilated along with their sons and relatives.