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Shloka 8

Mind as Charioteer; Kṣetrajña, Tapas, and Dhyāna-Yoga

Adhyātma-Upadeśa

विषयो विषयित्वं च सम्बन्धो5यमिहोच्यते । विषयी पुरुषो नित्यं सत्त्वं च विषय: स्मृत:,इन दोनोंमें यहाँ यह विषय-विषयिभाव सम्बन्ध माना गया है। इनमें पुरुष तो सदा विषयी और सत्त्व विषय माना जाता है

viṣayo viṣayitvaṃ ca sambandho ’yam ihocyate | viṣayī puruṣo nityaṃ sattvaṃ ca viṣayaḥ smṛtaḥ ||

Vāyu-deva nói: “Ở đây, mối liên hệ được nói đến là quan hệ ‘đối tượng’ và ‘chủ thể’—cái bị trải nghiệm và tư cách là kẻ trải nghiệm. Trong cặp này, Puruṣa (tự ngã có ý thức) luôn là chủ thể (kẻ biết/kẻ trải nghiệm), còn sattva (nguyên lý tâm–khí) được xem là đối tượng.”

विषयःobject (of cognition)
विषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविषय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विषयित्वम्subjecthood; being the perceiver/possessor of objects
विषयित्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविषयित्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सम्बन्धःrelation
सम्बन्धः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसम्बन्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इहhere; in this context
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
उच्यतेis said; is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Indicative, Passive, Third, Singular
विषयीthe subject (knower/experiencer)
विषयी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविषयिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःPuruṣa; person/self
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यम्always; eternally
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
सत्त्वम्sattva (the guṇa); being/essence
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विषयःobject (of cognition)
विषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविषय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis considered; is remembered as
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
FormPast Passive Participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva
P
Puruṣa
S
Sattva

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes the experiencer from the experienced: Puruṣa is the constant subject (viṣayī), while sattva is treated as an object (viṣaya). Ethically, this supports detachment and self-mastery—one should not mistake mental states for the true Self.

Vāyudeva is instructing the listener in a philosophical framework (Sāṅkhya-like analysis), defining the subject–object relation to clarify how consciousness (Puruṣa) stands apart from the qualities and operations of the mind (sattva).