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Shloka 42

Mind as Charioteer; Kṣetrajña, Tapas, and Dhyāna-Yoga

Adhyātma-Upadeśa

इष्टश्वानिष्टगन्धश्व मधुरो5म्ल: कटुस्तथा | निहरि संहतः स्निग्धो रूक्षो विशद एव च

iṣṭaśvān iṣṭagandhaś ca madhuro 'mlaḥ kaṭus tathā | nihari saṃhataḥ snigdho rūkṣo viśada eva ca ||

Vāyu nói: “Có những vị và những phẩm tính làm người ta ưa thích; lại có những hương thơm làm người ta ưa thích. Có vị ngọt, vị chua, và vị cay nữa. Lại còn có các phẩm tính như sự trong sáng, sự kết tụ chặt, tính nhuận béo, tính khô, và sự thanh tịnh.”

इष्टpleasant, desirable
इष्ट:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट (इष्-धातोः क्त)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
श्वाsmell/odor
श्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्वन्
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
अनिष्टunpleasant, undesirable
अनिष्ट:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिष्ट (इष्-धातोः क्त, नञ्-पूर्वक)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
गन्धsmell, fragrance/odor
गन्ध:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगन्ध
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मधुरःsweet
मधुरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमधुर
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
अम्लःsour
अम्लः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअम्ल
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
कटुःpungent, bitter
कटुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकटु
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
तथाlikewise, also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
निहतःstruck down, subdued
निहतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिहत (नि+हन्-धातोः क्त)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
संहतःcompact, well-knit, consolidated
संहतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंहत (सम्+हन्-धातोः क्त)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
स्निग्धःunctuous, oily, smooth
स्निग्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्निग्ध
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
रूक्षःdry, rough
रूक्षः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरूक्ष
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
विशदःclear, pure, bright
विशदः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविशद
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

वायुदेव उवाच

वायुदेव (Vāyudeva)

Educational Q&A

The verse catalogs sensory and material qualities—taste, fragrance, and texture-like attributes—suggesting a reflective, analytical approach to experience. In ethical-didactic context, such enumeration supports discernment (viveka): understanding how qualities arise and affect the mind helps one regulate desire and aversion rather than be driven by them.

Vāyudeva is speaking in a didactic passage, listing various tastes and qualities as part of an explanatory discourse. The narration pauses from action to instruction, using classification of qualities to illuminate a broader point about perception, disposition, or the nature of embodied experience.