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Shloka 1

Brahmopadeśa: Adhipatitva-kathana, Dharma-lakṣaṇa, and Kṣetra–Kṣetrajña Viveka

Book 14, Chapter 43

>> ह््न हि कमी त्रिचत्वारिशो<् ध्याय: चराचर प्राणियोंके अधिपतियोंका

brahmovāca | manuṣyāṇāṃ tu rājanyaḥ kṣatriyo madhyamo guṇaḥ | kuñjaro vāhanānāṃ ca siṃhaś cāraṇyavāsinām ||

Phạm Thiên (Brahmā) phán: “Hỡi các đại hiền triết! Trong loài người, giai tầng trị vì—Sát-đế-lợi (Kṣatriya)—mang đặc tính chủ yếu của rajas, khí chất thúc đẩy hành động và cai trị. Trong các loài dùng làm cưỡi và chuyên chở, voi là bậc đứng đầu; và trong các loài sống nơi rừng hoang, sư tử là bậc tối thượng.”

ब्रह्माBrahmā
ब्रह्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मनुष्याणाम्of humans
मनुष्याणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
राजन्यःthe royal (man), kṣatriya
राजन्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियःkṣatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मध्यमःmiddling/medium
मध्यमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुणःquality, attribute
गुणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुञ्जरःelephant
कुञ्जरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुञ्जर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाहनानाम्of vehicles/mounts
वाहनानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवाहन
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सिंहःlion
सिंहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अरण्यवासिनाम्of forest-dwellers
अरण्यवासिनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअरण्यवासिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

वायुदेव उवाच

B
Brahmā
K
Kṣatriya
E
Elephant (kuñjara)
L
Lion (siṃha)
H
Humans (manuṣyāḥ)
F
Forest-dwellers (āraṇyavāsinaḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse correlates social function with innate temperament: the Kṣatriya, tasked with rule and protection, is marked by rajas—the energetic, assertive guṇa. It also illustrates a broader principle that each domain has a natural ‘foremost’ exemplar, suggesting an ordered cosmos where excellence is context-specific and tied to dharma.

A didactic discourse is underway in which Brahmā speaks, describing characteristics of beings and their governing principles. This verse begins a set of comparisons: it identifies the Kṣatriya’s dominant guṇa and names the elephant and lion as preeminent within their respective categories.