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Shloka 30

Brahma-vidyā: Satya–Tapas and the Enumeration of Tattvas

Arjuna–Vāsudeva framed dialogue

कौ चोभौ कर्मणां मार्गो प्राप्तुयुर्दक्षिणोत्तरी । प्रलयं चापवर्ग च भूतानां प्रभवाप्ययौं

kau cobhau karmaṇāṁ mārgo prāptuyur dakṣiṇottarī | pralayaṁ cāpavargaṁ ca bhūtānāṁ prabhavāpyayau ||

Vāyu nói: “Hai con đường của hành nghiệp nào khiến người ta đạt đến lộ trình phương Nam và lộ trình phương Bắc? Thế nào là pralaya (đại hoại diệt)? Thế nào là apavarga (giải thoát)? Và đối với chúng sinh, sinh và tử—sự phát sinh và sự tiêu vong—là gì?”

कौwhich two?
कौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
कर्मणाम्of actions
कर्मणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
मार्गःpath/way
मार्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राप्तुयुःwould attain
प्राप्तुयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + आप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
दक्षिणोत्तरीthe southern and northern (courses)
दक्षिणोत्तरी:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिण + उत्तरी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Dual
प्रलयम्dissolution
प्रलयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रलय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपवर्गम्liberation
अपवर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअपवर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भूतानाम्of beings
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
प्रभवorigin
प्रभव:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्र + भू
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अप्ययौdissolution/cessation
अप्ययौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप + इ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a doctrinal inquiry: how actions (karma) relate to two post-mortem trajectories symbolized as the southern and northern courses, and how these fit within the larger metaphysical scheme of dissolution (pralaya), liberation (apavarga/mokṣa), and the cycle of arising and passing away (birth and death).

Vāyudeva, as the speaker, poses a set of foundational questions to prompt a systematic explanation: the two karmic paths leading to distinct destinies, the nature of cosmic/individual dissolution, the meaning of liberation, and the principles underlying the birth and death of beings.